Nother/Kirumb
| Kirumb (Kirómbos) | |
|---|---|
| Pronounced: | English: /kəˈrʌm/ Kirumb: [kɪˈruːmβʊs] |
| Timeline and Universe: | Nother |
| Species: | demihumans |
| Spoken: | Southeastern Europe 1st c. BC–500 AD |
| Total speakers: | [no data] |
| Writing system: | Kirumb alphabet |
| Genealogy: | Indo-European Satem Hadwan Kirumb Âdlantki Atlantic |
| Typology | |
| Morphological type: | Fusional |
| Morphosyntactic alignment: | Tripartite |
| Basic word order: | [no data] |
| Credits | |
| Creator: | Muke Tever | ✎ |
| Created: | 2000 |
In Nother, Kirumb (formerly Hadwan and Kaðuhhan) was an Indo-European language spoken by demihumans in Greece and the Balkans in the early centuries AD. The native speakers called the language Kirómbos, which was also the appellation of their own people. In origin the word is an ordinary adjective applied to things of or pertaining to gryphons, and was still occasionally so used in the historical period. Inscriptions found at Corinth attest that ΚΙΡΟΥΜΒΟΣ or ΚΙΡΩΜΒΟΣ was a designation known to at least some human (or at least Grecophone) inhabitants of the city. The modern name used in English is Kirumb.
Phonology
Vowels
The Kirumb vowel system is simplified from the Indo-European, the original mid vowels *e and *o having merged into the high vowels *i and *u.
Kirumb /yː/ has no short counterpart due to continuing a PIE diphthong *au, an unusual change via a Proto-Hadwan sound symbolized as *øː.
| Vowels | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Front | Near-front | Central | Near-back | Back | ||||||
| High | i iː | (y) yː | u uː | |||||||
| Mid | (e eː) | (o oː) | ||||||||
| Low | ɑ ɑː | |||||||||
Parentheses denote phonemes found only in borrowed words (chiefly from Greek). The mid back /o oː/ is harder to attest than the other foreign sounds, as it was, until relatively late, frequently spelled with the same letters as /u uː/—and those letters, o and ó, were only the Greek omicron and omega.
The short vowels /i u e o/ were usually pronounced lax, as [ɪ ʊ ɛ ɔ].
| Examples | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| /ɑ/ | mita | /miˈtɑ/ | "with" |
| /ɑː/ | giná | /ɡiˈnɑː/ | "woman" |
| /i/ | biric | /ˈβiritʃ/ | "he carries" |
| /iː/ | nír | /niːr/ | "man" |
| /u/ | gíotos | /ɡijuˈtus/ | "life" |
| /uː/ | tsamó | /tsɑˈmuː/ | "human being" |
| /y/ | kuríos | /ky.riˈjus/ | "lord" (κύριος) |
| /yː/ | ús | /yːs/ | "ear" |
There are few diphthongs appearing in native Kirumb words, with more appearing in Greek loans.
| Examples | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| /ɑʊ/ | lavjiros | /ˈlɑʊdʒɪrʊs/ | "free" (as in liberty) |
| /ɑɪ/ | kraistór | /krɑɪsˈtuːr/ | "a judge" |
Consonants
| Consonants | ||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bilabial | Labiod. | Dental | Alveolar | Post-alv. | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | |||||||||
| Nasal | m | n | ŋ | |||||||||||||
| Plosive | (p) | t | d | k | g | |||||||||||
| Fricative | β | f | s | (z) | ʃ | (x) | h | |||||||||
| Affricate | tʃ | dʒ | ||||||||||||||
| Approximants | w | j | ||||||||||||||
| Trill | r | |||||||||||||||
| Lateral Approximant | l | |||||||||||||||
The system is somewhat asymmetrical.
| Examples | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| /m/ | molbí | /mʊlˈβiː/ | "an evil" |
| /n/ | nava | /nɑˈwɑ/ | "nine" |
| /ŋ̩/ | hóŋos ŋava |
/huːˈŋʊs/ /ŋɑˈwɑ/ |
"a son" "nine" (dialectal) |
| /p/ | psalmos | /psɑlˈmʊs/ | "a psalm" (ψαλμός) |
| /β/ | boró | /βʊˈruː/ | "a rami" |
| /t/ | tó | /tuː/ | "you" |
| /d/ | dviflís | /dwɪˈfliːs/ | "double" |
| /k/ | kraima | /ˈkrɑɪ.mɑ/ | "a judgment" |
| /ɡ/ | gniió | /ɡniˈjuː/ | "a dragon" |
| /f/ | foktos | /fʊkˈtʊs/ | "wounded" |
| /s/ | só | /suː/ | "a dog" |
| /ʃ/ | šoŋ | /ʃʊŋ/ | "I" |
| /z/ | zéta | /ˈzeːta/ | "zeta" (ζῆτα) |
| /x/ | xé | /ˈxeː/ | "xi" (χεῖ) |
| /h/ | hilšóm | /ˈhɪl.ʃuːm/ | "I throw out" |
| /tʃ/ | coraŋc | /tʃʊˈrɑŋtʃ/ | "in your presence" |
| /dʒ/ | jaios | /dʒɑˈjʊs/ | "a god" |
| /w/ | vai | /ˈwɑɪ/ | "we" |
| /j/ | iohmót | /jʊhˈmuːt/ | "because" |
| /r/ | ravdóm | /ˈrɑʊduːm/ | "I cry out" |
| /l/ | lakkos | /lɑkˈkʊs/ | "pool" |
Vocabulary
- Main article: Kirumb lexicon
External links
- Old website: http://frath.net/kirumb
