Eskimo-Aleut languages/vocab

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common meaning Aleut Proto-Eskimo Sirenik Siberian Yupik Alutiiq Yup'ik Seward Inupiaq Qawiaraq Malimiutun North Slope Uummarmiutun Siglitun Inuinnaqtun Natsilik Kivalliq Aivilik North Baffin South Baffin Nunavik Labrador Inuttut North Greenlandic West Greenlandic East Greenlandic
Persons
Human being (Shaman word's) taĝu taʁu tarex taghu taru taru tau →
(Grand)father adax̂/taatax̂ *ata *ata-ata ata ata ata aata ata/ava ata/ava aapa/taata aapa aapa/ata aappak/ataatak aappak ataata → ataataq
Mother anax̂ *ana *ana-ana nana naa/ana aana aana aaga aaga aaka aaka aaka amaamak/aana amaamak/anaana anaana → anaanaq annivik
Son - *iʁni-ʁ irnex ighneq irneq irneq irniq → irñiq irñiq irñiq
Daughter - *paniɣ panex panik →
Older brother (of female) huyux̂ *aNǝ-LГun anta aningak anngaq anngaq ani → aniraaluk anik
Older sister (of male) uhngix *aleqa nuskit alqaq aɫqaq aliraq aliqaq→ aliqannaq angajuk angajuk angajuk aliqa alara
Young brother (of female) kingii *nukaq ungjex uyughaq uyuwaq uyuraq nukaq → nukaaluk nukaaluk mukaq
Young sister (of male) uhngix *nayak najex nayak → nayaatsuk
Husband ugi *uɣi uga ugwik wik wii ui → uviq
Wife ayagax̂ *nuLiaq nucix nuliiq nuliq nuliaq →
Family/Relative ilaanux̂ *ila ila →
Man tayaĝux̂ *aŋu-nt angeta angun → anguti anguti anguti angutik tikkaq
Woman ayaĝax̂ *aʁnaq arnax arnaq → nuliakkaaq
Boy hlax *aleqa nukeɫpegaẋ nukaɫpegaq nukaɫpiaq → nugatpiaq nugatpiaq nukatpiraq nukappiraq
Girl ayaĝaadax̂ *nǝvi(a)ʁc(ǝɣ)a- náẋserráẋ neveghsaq - neviarcaq niaqsaaʁruk niaqsiaʁruk niviaqsiaʁruk niviaqsiaʁruk niviakkaq niviaqsiraq niviaqhiaq niviaqhiaq niviakkiaq niviaqsiaq niviaqsaaq niviaqsiaq niviatsiaq niviatsiak niviarhiaq niviarsiaraq niiarsiaq
Person anĝaĝinax̂ *inguɣ jux yuk suk yuk/cuk inuk → iñuk iñuk iñuk iik
Mother-in-law - *caki saka saki → caki cakiq sagi chagi hakigaq hakigaq sakik saqiq/sagiq
Pronouns I or me (singular) ting *vi menga hwanga w'iinga w'iinga wanga uanga uvanga → uvaqa uvak uanga uanga uara
all of two us (two) (dual) tingix *vik - hwagakuk w'iingakuk w'iingakuk waguk uaguk uvaguk → - - -
we or us/all of us (plural) tingin(s) *vit mengaketa hwagakuta w'iingakuta w'iingakuta wagut uagut uvagut → uagut uagut uangit
you (singular) txin *ǝɫ-vǝn-t ɫpi ɫpet eɫpet eɫpet ivlin ilvin ilvich ilvich ilvik ilvit ilvit ivrit/itvin igvin/idvin igvit ivvit ivvit ivvit iffit ihhit/i'lit iɫɫit ittit
you two (dual) txidix *ǝɫ-ptek - ɫpetek eɫpetek eɫpetek iliptik → - - -
yourselves/all of you (plural) txichix *ǝɫ-vcet ɫpisi ɫpesi eɫpici eɫpeci ilipsi → ilivsi ilivsi
he/she/it uda *una una →
he/she/it ilaa *ǝɫ-ŋa langa lnga elen elii ilaa → - - - - - - - - - - -
thyself/themselves/itself ilaan(s) *ǝɫ-ŋat langwi lngit elita eliita ilaat ilaat ilaat ilaat ilaat ilaat ukkua ukkua ukkua ukkua ukkua ukkua ukkua ukkua ukkua ukkua ukkua
thyself/themselves/itself udan(s) *ukuat uket ukut ukut ukut ugua ugua ukua →
I, me (affixes) -kuq *tua *kuq -jua -tua -tua -tua, -runga -runga -runga -runga -runga -yunga, -yuami -yunga → -runga -punga,sunga -pua, lua
you (affixes) -kuxt *it -jet -ten -ten -ten -rutin → -yutin -yutin -yutit -yutit -yutit -yutit -yutit -yutit -hutit -sutit -sulit
he/she/it (affixes) -kux *tuq -jix -tuq -tuq -tuq -ruq -ruq -ruq -ruq -ruq -yuaq -yuq → -ruq -huq -soq, poq -tuq, puq
my (affixes) -ng *nga -ka/qa -ka/qa -ka/qa -ka/qa -ga/ra → -nga/ra
your (affixes) -n *in -n → -t -it -it -it -it
his/her/its (affixes) -(n)gan *ngan -nga/a →
he/she...her/him/it -kuu/qaa *jaa/kaa -jaa/kaa -taa/kaa -taa/kaa -taa/kaa -raa/gaa -raa/gaa -raa/gaa -raa/gaa -yaa/gaa → -raa/gaa -saa/gaa -laa/ngaa
Who kiin *kina kiin kina → kia
What alqux *caŋu sangǝ̄́ca sangwa/suna cacaq cacaq/tcauna suna → sua sua suna/suva kisu kihu suna/sua kisik
Why alqul(-usaal) *caŋu sangaami sangami cin/caluni ciin/caluni suami suami summan/suvataa summan/suvataa *suuq → sungmat sumut summat
Where qaataa #naung - naa nama - naung → naunga nau - - - - - -
Where qaataa #SVmi - sami - cami - - sumi → - - - - -
Where - *nani → - - - - -
When (Past/future) qanaayam *qanga/qaku qanga/qaku qavnga/kaku qangwaq/qaku qangvaq/qaku qanga/qagun qanga/qagu qaglaan/qaku qanga/qaku qanga/qaku qanga/qakugu → qanga/qaqugu qanga/qara
How alqutal *qanuq qanex qayuq qayuq qayuq/cangstun qanuq → qaniq
Body parts Chin tsamlu *tsamlu tamla tamlu tamluq tamlu tavlu tavluq tavlu tavlu tavlu tablu tablu tablu tablu tablu tallu → talluk taɫɫu tattuq
Heart kanuux̂ *uŋ-uma- ungevata unguvan unguwan unguvan uumman → uummati uummati uummati uummatik iimmat
Blood aamaaxs *aruɣ acex/arux auk →
Head kamĝix̂ *ńarǝ-qu- iiceqeẋ naasquq/nayquq nasquq nacquq niaquq → suuniq
Hair iimlix *ńujaq nujǝẋ/jujǝẋ nuyaq →
Eye dax̂ *irǝ eca iya ii/iingaq ii/iingaq izi izi iri iri iyi → iri ijik ihi isi ili
Eyelash dam qaxsaa *qǝmǝʁja- qemerjax qemeryaq qemeryaq qemeryaq qimiriaq → qimeriaq qimiiaq
Eyelash - #cəqpix seqpix siqpik ciqpik ciqpek siqpiq siqpik → sippik hiqpik serpik sirpik
Ear tutusix̂ *ciɣunt siigeta sigun cuun ciun siun → siuti siuti siuti siutik siit/*tusaat
Nose angusix̂ *qǝŋa- qengax qengaq qengaq qengaq qingaq →
Arm chuyux̂ *taɫi- jaqex taɫiq taɫiq taɫiq taliq →
Hand chax̂ *arɣa ácxeẋ aykaq aikaq aikaq agrak agraq argak argak argak adjgak *aygak algak argak adjgak aggak aggak aggak aggak aggak aghak assak attak
Finger atx̂ux̂ *ińura- nurax yughaq suaraq yuaraq inugaq → iñugaq iñugaq iñugaq inuaq iiaq
Fingernail - *kikra - kiikiak - - kigiak kikiak →
Belly xax *aqja aqii aqyaq aqsaq aqsaq aqiaq → aqajaq
Navel qiihliqdax̂ *qacaɫǝʁ qaɫasex qasaɫeq qaɫaciq qaɫaciq qalaiq *qalaciq → -
Knee chidiĝix *ciɣǝr-qu sigesqeẋ serquq cisquq ciisquq siitquq → siirquq -
Calf tugaadix̂ *nakacuɣ-na- nakasegnax nakasugnaq nakacugnaq nakacugnaq nakasungnaq → nakasrungnaq nakasunnaaq -
Foot kitax̂ *itǝɣ-(a-) ítegá itegaq itaq itgaq itigak → itigaq isigak isigak ihigak ihigak isigak ihigak isigak -
Anus idiĝasix̂ *ǝtǝʁ tex eteq eteq teq itiq → "*kiaavik"
Animals Caribou itx̂aygix̂ *tuŋtu tumta tungtu tuntu tuntu tuttu tuttu tuttu tuttu tuttu tuktu → tuttu tuttu tuttuk tuttu tuttuq
Swan qukingix̂ *quɣruɣ qerúmɫeráẋ quuk qugyuq qugyuq qugruk qugruk qugruk qugruk qugruk qugyuk → quyyuk quyyuk kutyuk qughuk qussuk qutsuk
Canada Goose laĝix̂ *lǝqlǝʁ leẋɫeẋ leghɫeq neqɫeq neqɫeq lirliq lirliq lirliq nirliq → lirliq/nirliq nerɫeq nirtiq
Killer Whale aglux̂ *aʁɫuɣ arɫux? arɫuk aqɫuk arɫuk aarlu → aarluk aarluk aarluk aarluk aarluk aarluk aalluk aarluk aarɫuk aartiq?
Groundhog/Arctic squirrel sixsix *sigsik siksix sikik cikik cikik *siksik → chiksrik siksi sissi sitsiq
Ptarmigan aĝdiikax̂ *aqărɣiʁ aqergex aqargiiq/aqarriq aqasgiiq aqazgiiq arargiq arargiq aqargiq aqargiq aqaygiq aqiygiq aqilgiq aqirgiq/aqigriq aqidjgiq aqiggiq aqiggiq aqiggiq aqiggiq akiggik aqighiq aqisseq nagalaraq
Oldsquaw Duck aagix̂ *aXaŋǝ-liʁ aahaangalex aahaangwliq ahangkiluk aahaangiiq/aahaaliq aa'aangiq aa'aangiq aahaaliq aahaaliq ahaangiq → aahaalliq
Bowhead whale/whale alax̂ *aʁvǝʁ arvex arveq arweq/arruq arveq arviq →
Dog sabaakax̂ *qikmi- qepeneẋ qikmiq qiqmiq/piugta qimugta qimmiq → qipmiq qinmiq qingmiq/qimmiq qingmiq/qimmiq
Fish qax̂ *ǝqaɫuɣ iqeɫex iqaɫuk iqaɫuk iqaɫuk iraluk iraluk iqaluk → qaluk iqalik
Louse kitux̂ *kumaɣ kúmex kumak →
Other nouns Atmosphere/weather/out silan/slax̂ *cǝla siɫa sɫaa ɫa ciɫa/ella sila → chila
Yes aang *aa/ii ii → ii-i ii-i ii-i ii-i aap
No nangaa *naaka *qaanga naaka naka/naah kaa ina/qanga naami/naagga qanngaq/naagga naumi/naakka naumi/naagga naggai naaggai imannaq iiq/naagga naung/naagga nauk/aakka aakka/naagga aukka/aggaq naggai/nauk aukang na'a/naagga naami/naagga iiqqii
House ulax̂ *ǝŋlu lu inglu englu englu iglu → illuk iɫɫu ittiq
Tent pulaatxix̂ *tupǝʁ tupex tupeq - - tuviq tuviq tupiq →
To ask ahmat- *apete apet- apetaqa- apqar- apete- apiri- → aperi- apii-
Tell a Story/Legend uniikal *uniɣ-paʁ- unircex ungikpaq unifkuaq unifkaraq unipkaaq →
Cry/weep qidal *qiRă- qeje qeya qia → qeya
Arrow - *qaʁru qarceẋ ruuq ruuq qeruq *qaryuq → qaryuk qayyuk katyuk qarhuq qarsoq qarliq
Snow(flake) qaniigix̂ *qaniɣ qanix qanik → qaniq
Price/Value akiisal *aki aka aki → agi agi akik agiq
Hungry haagil *kajak kajex keek kaik kaik kaak →
Cook unagix̂ *ǝɣa ega ega ega ega iga → ega
Smoke huyux̂s *puju pujex puyuq →
Ash utxix̂ *aʁra arex aʁra araq araq *arya → ayya atyak arhaq arsaq arlaq
Wind achunal *anuqǝ anuqa anuqa anuqa anuqa anuri → anori anirsiq
Breath angil *anǝʁ- anerte- anernaq anerneq anerneq anirniq → aniqniq anerneq
Name asax̂ *atǝʁ atex ateq ateq ateq atiq →
Load husix̂ *uci usa usi → uci uci uzi uchi usri
Water taangax̂ *ǝmǝʁ mex emeq meq imiq →
Fire qignal *ǝknǝ- ekn'ex ekneq keneq keneq ikniq itniq ikniq igniq ingniq → igivattattiq
To urinate qaalux̂ **quʁ(r)ǝ- qux-teqex uraquq qure- qure- qui- → quvi-
Ship, boat ayxaasix̂ *umi(r)a umax umiaq →
Lake hanix̂ #naCvaq jajvex nayvaq nanwaq nanvaq navraq navraq narvaq → nayvaq nalvaq nagvaq navvaq navvaq navvaq navvaq navvak nassak nassak nattak
Lake - *taci-ʁ - - - - teziq tachiq tasriq tasiq →
Sun/Day aĝadĝix̂ #mazaq - mazaq masaq macaq mazaq machaq masaq - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Sun/Day aĝadĝix̂ *ciqi-nǝʁ siqinex siqineq ciqineq ciqineq siriniq chiqiniq siqiñiq siqiñiq hiqiñiq siqiniq → siirliq
Cloud - *nụvǝja - - - - nuiya nuwiya nuviya nuviya nuvuya → nuvuyaq nuvuyaq nuvuyaq nuvuyak nuvuyaq nuiaq nuviaq
Star sdax̂ *umluria - - - - uvluriaq → ubluriaq ubluriaq ubluriaq ubluriaq ubluriaq ulluriaq ulluriaq ulluriaq ullugiak ulluriaq ulloriaq utturiaq
Earth tanax̂ *luna - nuna →
Hilltop qayax̂ *qemi qemix qemiq qemiq qemiq qimiq →
Tree/Wood - *napar- napax napartuq napaq napa napaaqtuq → napaaqtiq napaattuq napaattuk uqpik/napaaqtuq urpik/napaartoq urpik/napaartuq
Dog barking qihlux *qiluɣ qelux qilugaq qiluk → qiliilaq
And/also ama *amma ama/sama amahwa/aamta amleq/cama amleq/cama amma → aamma aamma
Shaman qugaaĝix̂ *aŋalku- angekex angaɫkuq → angaɫquq angakkiq
Sky inix̂ *qilaɣ qilex qilak →
Kiss on nose/kiss qingul *kungik singeq singaq(-ghaqaa) cingaq cingaq kunik →
Feather haka *culuk silek siluk culuk culuk suluk → chuluk siik
Milk mulukax *emug, itug ituk/emunge ituk/emuk muk ituk immuk → ituk miluk miluk ituk
Here it is! wa *uva hwa hwa w'a w'a uvvaa uvvaa uvva → uhha uffa uppa
Kayak iqyaq *qyaq qajax qayaq → qayavialuk saqqit
Adjectives Cold! Brrr! How cold! ababa *alaapaa - - - - alaapa alaappa → ikkii ikkii ikkii ikkii ikkii ikkii ikkii ikkii ikkii
Still/also/more ahlii *culi sali salin cali cali suli → chuli
Swell hums *puvet puvceqertéẋ puuvaaquq puge- puve- puit- puit- puvit- → puik- puiq-
Long adul *takǝ(v) takevaláẋ taakǝlʁi takequq takequq tagiruq tagiruq takiruq takiruq takiruq takiyuq → takihuuq takisooq/takivoq tagiliq
Fat ignatul *quvi quginaẋ quginaq quili quvinaq quiniq →
White quhmax̂ *qătǝ-ʁ qetex qeteq qeteq qeter- qatiq → qakuqtaq qaquqtaq qakuqtaq qakuqtaq qakuqtaq qakuqtaq qakutaq kakuttak qakuqtuq qaqortoq qaartiq
Grey hair qidaayux *qirʁǝʁ qircéreɫeẋ qiiq → qiʁriq qirʁiq qirʁiq qirʁi qirʁiq qiyriq qiriq qeeq
Copper kanuuyax̂ **kanɣu-ja kanuje kanuya kanuyaq kanuyaq kannuuyaq kannuyaq → kannguyaq kanuhaq kanusaq kannussaq kanngussak kanngutsak
Numbers 1 ataqan *ataʁu-ci- ateresex ataaziq atauciq/atuusiq atauciq atausiq → atauchiq atausriq
2 aalax̂ *malǝʁu- malrug malghuk malluk malruk → marluuk marluk malruuk malruuk malruuk marruuk marruuk marruuk maqruuk magguuk marluk marluk martut
3 qankun(-s) *pingajunt pingejug pingayut pingaun pingayun pingasut *pingacut → piñgasrut piñgasut piñgahut pingasit
4 siiching *cǝtama- sitamij sitamat staamat cetaman sitaman → chitaman sisaman sisaman hihaman hihamat tisamat hihamat sisamat siamat
5 chaang *taɫiman tasímengíyi taɫimat taɫiman taɫiman tauliman taliman talliman →
6 atuung *aʁvinelegh inglex aghvínelek arwinlgen arvinglegen arwinilik arwinilik itchaksrat itchaksat itchakhat arvinillik arvinillik arviniq arvinraq arviniqtut arviniliit pingasuuyuqtut pingasuuyurtut pingasuuyuttut arhiniddit arfinillit arpiniit
10 hatix̂ *qulǝ(ŋ) qulex? qula qulin qula qulit → qutit
Aleut Proto-Eskimo Sirenik Siberian Yupik Alutiiq Yup'ik Seward Inupiaq Qawiaraq Malimiutun North Slope Uummarmiutun Siglitun Inuinnaqtun Natsilik Kivalliq Aivilik North Baffin South Baffin Nunavik Labrador Inuttut North Greenlandic West Greenlandic East Greenlandic