Mordvinic

Some reconstruction notes.

Vowels:

• Erzya *ä → e; *a → o / _j. (ojme voj kojme, perhaps ĺom ~ Mk lajmä; but kajge-); in later syllables e ə → e/o per harmony
• Mokša *ə → ä/a / _# per harmony; ä also after palatals

Consonants:

• Erzya *š → č / #_
• Mokša *k → ∅ / F_š, m n r l j v → p t r̥ l̥ ç f / _{p t c č k}
• ŋ → j/w per harmony, except dialectally in Erzya

On the correspondence PU *m → /v/

After PU *u

• *lumi "sno" → *loŋ (!)
• *kumV "cloud" → *kovol

Suffix exchange?

• *śüðämi "hart" → *śeďeŋ

Versus BF *-u

• *śëxmi(-w?) → *śëëmu → *śav (cf. BF *soomu)
• *suv "fog" ~ BF *sumu ~ S. *somō
• *ĺevəš "lime bast" ~ BF *lehmus ~ Ma. *nəməštə

Limited comparanda

• Er. jav "joint" ~ BF *jama ~ S *jōmē
• *šov "butt of knife" ~ BF *hamara ~ S *ši/ëmērē ← Gmc *hamaraz
• *šovar "mortar" ~ BF *huumar ~ Ma. *šuer
• *luv "gap" ~ FS *loma ~ Ma. *lu ~ B *loma
• *toŋ (!) "kernel" ~ F. tuma ~ tuuma ~ E. tuum ~ Me. tum ~ Hi. toŋ
• *kav "granary, barn" ~ K. kum "loft"

But not in:

• Er. kumoka "fever" ~ BF *kuuma "hot"
• *lamə "many" ~ BF *laama
• *šamə "shape" ~ BF *haamo
• *kuma → *koma, *juma- → *jumi-, *tOmmV → *tumə
• *numələ *śumərdə- umaŕ *komər Er. umok
• *ĺem *kämə
• *ĺajmə *ĺäm *śimə-

Also *p ~ Mari *m

• *karvə "fly" ~ BF *kärpä-, Ma. #ka/arme

cf. Hungarian:

• kumi → hava-, hó