Rajadom of Jammu
| [[]] map of United Rajadom of Jammu and Kashmir | |
| Capital | Jammu |
| Government | constitutional monarchy |
| Head of State | His Royal Highness |
| Head of Government | ??? |
| Demonym | ??? |
| Religions | |
| Official | Buddhism |
| Other | Hinduism |
| Languages | |
| Official | Dogri |
| Other | Nepali |
| Founding | 1820 |
| Independence | 1921 |
| Area | 26,293 km² ??? mi² |
| Population (2001) | 2,718,000 |
| Ethnicities | ??? 53% ??? 25% ??? 12% ??? 10% |
| Currency | 1 Himalayan Rupee (Rs) = 20 sukaa (?) = 240 paisa (?) |
| Time zone | CET UTC+ |
| Telephone Code | ??? |
| Registration | |
| Aviation | ??? |
| Amateur radio | ??? |
| Radio prefix | ??? |
| Organizations | Himalayan Confederacy |
| Sports | |
| Official | ??? |
| Other | ??? |
Texts in bold print are points of departure.
History
Jammu was founded by Raja Jambu Lochan in the 14th century B.C. During one of his hunting campaigns, he reached the Tawi River where he saw a goat and a lion drinking water at the same place. Having satisfied their thirst, the animals went their own ways. The Raja was amazed, abandoned the idea of hunting and returned to his companions. Recounting what he had seen, he exclaimed that this place, where a lion and a lamb could drink water side by side, was a place of peace and tranquility. The Raja had a palace built at this place and a city was founded around it. This city became known as Jambu-Nagar, which then later changed into Jammu.
The city is mentioned in the Mahabharata. Excavations near Akhnoor, 20 miles (32 km) from Jammu City, provide evidence that Jammu was once part of the Harappan civilization.
In 321 B.C. Chandragupta Maurya (340-298) conquered the Nanda Empire in a series of battles, ending with the siege of the capital city Kusumapura. He, thus founded the powerful Maurya Empire in northern India by the time he was about 20 years old.
The Kushan Empire originally formed in the first century A.D. in ancient Bactria on either side of the middle course of the Amu Darya River in what is now northern Afghanistan and southern Tajikistan and Uzbekistan. First mentioned by the Chinese, the Kushans were originally a tribe of the Yuezhi, living north of the Great Wall and subject to the Rouran (Jwen-Jwen). During the first and early second centuries the Kushans expanded rapidly across the northern part of the Indian subcontinent at least as far as Saketa and Sarnath near Benares. Inscriptions have been found dated to the first few years of era of the most famous Kushan ruler, Kanishka which apparently began about 127. They threatened the Gupta empire but were eventually driven out of India in 528 by a Hindu coalition.
In the early fourth century, Chandragupta II the Great Vikramaditya (375-415) conquered about twenty one kingdoms, both inside of and outside of India. After finishing his campaign in the east and west of India, he proceeded northwards, subjugating the Parasikas (Persians), Hunas and Kambojas located in the Amu Darya Valley. After that, he proceeded to cross the Himalayas and brought the Kinnaras, Kiratas, and others in the north into India proper. He controlled a vast empire, which extended from the mouth of the Ganges in the west to the mouth of the Indus River in the east, and from what is now northern Pakistan down to the mouth of the Narmada River.
After 480, the area was dominated by the Hephthalites and ruled from Kapisa and Kabul. Jammu is also mentioned in accounts of the campaigns of Timur. The land witnessed changes of control following invasions by the Sikhs, before finally being conquered and placed under the control of Maharaja Ranjit Singh (1780-1839) in the nineteenth century, becoming part of the Sikh Empire in 1816. Raja Jit Singh was expelled and found refuge in India. Ranjit Singh appointed a governor to administer the newly conquered area which was expanded in 1819 with the annexation of Kashmir by a Sikh force. In 1820, in appreciation of services rendered by the family, and by Gulab Singh (1792-1857) in particular, Ranjit Singh bestowed Jammu as a hereditary fief upon Kishore Singh. Kishore Singh died in 1822 and Gulab Singh was confirmed as Raja of Jammu by his suzerain, Ranjit Singh. After the death of Maharaja Ranjit Singh, Raja Gulab Singh asserted his independence and is thus the founder of the state of Jammu and Kashmir.
Dissatisfied with this situation, Jammu threatened to rebel and secede from the kingdom. In an effort to quell the rising nationalism, Raja Parben Singh (1848-1925), grandson of Gulab Singh, in 1921, created a dual monarchy. Each nation was set up as sovereign, but joined in a personal union with the Dogra Dynasty.
Toponymy
According to legend, Jammu was founded by Raja Jamboolochan in the 14th century BCE. During one of his hunting campaigns he reached the Tawi River where he saw a goat and a lion drinking water at the same place. The king was impressed and decided to set up a town after his name, Jamboo. With the passage of time, the name was corrupted and became Jammu.
Government
Provinces
| Province (anchal) | Capital | Area | Population | Prefectures (tehsil) | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jammu | Jammu | 3,097 km² | 1,588,000 | 4 | |
| Kathua | Kathua | 2,651 km² | 550,00 | 4 | |
| Doda | Doda | 11,691 km² | 691,000 | 5 | |
| Udhampur | Udhampur | 4,450 km² | 38,000 | 5 | |
| Rajauri | Rajauri | 2,630 km² | 483,000 | 6 | |
| Poonch | Poonch | 1,674 km² | 23,000 | 3 | |
| Lahaul and Spiti | Keylong | 20,236 km² | 102,000 | Kinnaur, Lahaul and Spiti | |
| Chamba | Chamba | 14,925 km² | 2,314,000 | Chamba, Hamirpur, Kangra, Una | |
| Bilaspur | Bilaspur | 10,620 km² | 1,373,000 | Bilaspur, Kullu, Mandi | |
| Shimla | Shimla | 9,892 km² | 1,378,000 | Shimla, Simaur, Solan |
- Thus, the total area of the rajadom is 81,866 km², about the size of *here's* Montenegro.
Geography
Borders
Jammu is bordered by on the:
North: Kashmir
East: Ladakh
Southeast: Nepal
South: Samraj
Southwest: Rajputana
West: Sikh R.S.
Climate
Economy
Demographics
Culture
National symbols
- National mammal 1: argali (Ovis ammon hodgsoni)
- National mammal 2: Asian Black Bear (Ursus thibetanus)
- National bird: Western tragopan (Tragopan melanocephalus]
- National flower: Heart-lip Lady's slipper (Cypripedium cordigerum)
- National tree: Almond (Prunus dulcis]]
- National dish: Yakhni (roast lamb)
- For a crest,
- National aviation roundel:
- National instrument: Wikipedia:
Lotian holidays
(Dates in italics are postponed)
| Date | Name | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 14 February | Losar | New Year | |
| 21 February | The King's Birthday | ||
| 28 February | Chotrul Duchen | Butter Lamp Festival (2010 only) | |
| 21 March | The King's Birthday | Father's Day | |
| 27 May | Suga Dawa Duchen | The Buddha's Birth, Enlightenment, and Parinirvana (2010 only) | |
| 21 June | Guru Rinpoche's Birthday | ||
| 15 July | Chokhor Duchen | The Buddha's First Sermon (2010 only) | |
| 24 August | Ulambana | Ancestor Day (2010 only) | |
| 23 September | Thri-bab | Blessed Rainy Day (2010 only) | |
| 17 October | Dashain | Victory of the Goddess Durga (2010 only) | |
| 29 October | Lhabab Duchen | The Buddha's Descent to Earth (2010 only)) | |
| 6 November | The King's Coronation |
