Kala lexicon

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Main Article: Kala

See also: Thematic Lexicon

General Lexica

  • The majority of lexical units in Kala can have multiple roles.
  • Most have a primary role, such as verb, noun or adjective, but almost all can serve in at least two roles.
  • Because of this, this list is sorted alphabetically and not by part of speech or category.
  • Abbreviations used:
  • adj. - adjective
  • adv. - adverb
  • art. - article
  • conj. - conjunction
  • det. - determiner
  • inter. - interjection
  • n. - noun
  • num. - number
  • part. - particle
  • prep. - preposition
  • pron. - pronoun
  • v. - verb


p t k m n s h l a

k

  • k - -ㄱ - from Nahuatl ah- - suf. indicates negative of any verb or a lack of a noun
Compare: na ke mihu yoha - I have a cat. | na ke mihuk yoha - I have no cat. | na ke mihu yohak - I do not have a cat.
  • ka - 가 - from Japanese か - part. interrogative particle, placed at the end of interrogative phrase
Example: mo ta yala ka - Where are you going?
  • kala - 가라 - from Arabic كلم - n. language | v. to speak, say, talk
  • kam - 감 - from Arabic هم - pron. third person singular
  • kampa - 감바 - from Japanese かんぱい - inter. Cheers! | common toast used when drinking in company
  • kama - 가마 - from Lithuanian kaimas - n. village, town, borough | city, municipality
  • kamala - 가마라 - from Arabic قمر - n. moon, lunar body | any substantially sized natural satellite of a planet
  • kamusa - 가므사 - from Arabic قاموس - n. dictionary, lexicon | publication that explains the meanings of an ordered list of words
  • kasuma - 가스마 - from Alabama kasooma - n. onion, used as vegetable and spice
  • ke - 거 - from multiple que - art. the / a | conj. than / that; connects comparisons and acts as an indefinite pronoun | part. topic marker, accusative case; a grammatical marker preceding the direct object
Examples: ke tsaka - The house. | na ke tsaka anyaye - I saw the house. | ke tsaka nayo - The house is mine. / My house.
  • ka'o - 가오 - num. cardinal number 7
  • kayoma - 가요마 - from Kala ka'o + yoma - n. Wednesday (seventh day of the Kala week)
  • kaua - 가우 - from Arabic قهوة - n. coffee
  • kyampi - 걈비 - from Swahili kiambishi - n. affix, that which is affixed | linguistics: a bound morpheme added to a word’s stem
  • ka'e - 가어 - from Czech k - prep. to, toward(s), at / in the direction of, and arriving at
Example: ha ka'e tsaka yalaye - She went to(ward) the house.
  • ketla - 거타 - adj./n. red, having red as its color (see also aka'i)
  • kye'o - 겨오 - num. cardinal number 100,000
  • ko - 고 - from Japanese こ - n. person, human, individual | suf. agentive suffix indicating doer or possessor of trait
  • koto - 고도 - from Japanese 鼓 - n. drum (instrument) | v. to beat a drum (beat, top, strike)
  • kompo - 곰보 - from Ainu コンボ - n. seaweed, marine plants and algae
  • kua - 구 - from Mandarin 侇 - adv./det./n. all / each / every
  • kuama - 구마 - from Kala kua + ama - adv. always, forever | eternal
  • kuatla - 구타 - from Nahuatl coatl - n. snake, serpent
  • kuetsa - 규자 - from Zapotec gueza - n. cigarette
  • ku - 그 - n. number / amount / digit, numeral (see also o)
  • kuna - 그나 - from multiple kuna - n. excrement, shit, dung | v. to shit, defecate
  • kuma - 그마 - from Japanese くま - n. bear, ursine / large mammal of family Ursidae
  • kipo - 기보 - from Japanese きぼう - n./v. (to) hope, aspire / aspiration
  • kiso - 기소 - from Japanese きそ - adj./n. base / basic / basis / foundation / ground / root

n

  • nkata - 은가다 - from Swahili mkataba - n. agreement; understanding between individuals | v. agree, concur, assent
  • nkapa - 은가바 - from Warlpiri ngapa - n. alcohol, grog
  • nkono - 은고노 - from Swahili ngono - n. act of sexual intercourse | v. to have sex with
  • ntsompo - 은좀보 - from Chichewa mchombo - n. navel, belly button, remnant of umbilical cord
  • na - 나 - from Arabic انا - pro. first person singular | suf. feminine gender
  • naka - 나가 - from Hebrew נקבה - n. woman, female
  • na'o - 나오 - num. cardinal number 1
  • naha - 나하 - from Hebrew נהר - n. river, stream | v. to stream, flow in a continuous or steady manner
  • nahe - 나허 - from German nach - prep. during / hence / in / inside / into / within
  • nye'o - 녀오 - num. cardinal number 100

t

  • ta - 다 - from Arabic انت - pro. second person singular | suf. masculine gender
  • ta'o - 다오 - num. cardinal number 2
  • taha - 다하 - from CJK 大 - adj. big, grand, large
  • tima - 디마 - from Proto-Semitic dam - n. blood, vital liquid flowing in animal bodies | v. bleed; lose blood through an injured blood vessel

l

m

  • m - -ㅁ - from Hebrew ־ים - suf. indicates plural of nouns (often omitted, most especially when other words indicating amount are present)
  • mpana - 음바나 - from Swahili mpana - adj. broad, wide | n. width
  • ma - 마 - from Maori mā - conj. and, also, as well | v. to add / plus
  • ma'o - 마오 - num. cardinal number 4
  • mue'o - 뮤오 - num. cardinal number 10,000
  • mahala - 마하라 - from Arabic محل - n. shop, store; place where items can be purchased

p

  • pa - 바 - suf. abilitative modal suffix, appended to verbs
Example: I go - na yala | I can go / I am able to go - na yalapa
  • pako - 바고 - from Tagalog bago - adj. new, fresh, recent
  • pato - 바도 - from Spanish pato - n. duck , aquatic bird of the family Anatidae
  • pa'o - 바오 - num. cardinal number 8

s

  • sa - 사 - from Proto-Semitic salam - n. peace, tranquility, quiet | v. to be peaceful, tranquil, quiet
  • sama - 사마 - from Proto-Semitic samsh - adj. solar | n. sun, any star, especially when seen as the center of any single solar system
  • sa'o - 사오 - num. cardinal number 9
  • sahala - 사하라 - from Arabic صحراء - n. desert, barren area of land or desolate terrain

a

  • a - 아 - from Japanese ある - adv. yes | v. to be, exist
  • akala - 아가라 - from Spanish agalla - n. gill, lung, breathing organ
  • aki - 아기 - from Japanese あき - n. fall, autumn
  • ahi - 아히 - from Kala a & hi - adj. small, little | v. to be small

ya

  • yala - 야라 - from Arabic ياالله - v. go, walk, travel
  • ya'o - 야오 - num. cardinal number 5

e

  • eya - 어야 - adv./n. maybe (indicating a lack of certainty) / perhaps that is true (pro-sentence) | something that is possibly true
  • e'o - 어오 - num. cardinal number 0 / nothing / the absence of an amount

ye

  • ye - 여 - from Spanish ayer - suf. simple past tense
Derivations: anyoye - last year | yomaye - yesterday | aye - the past

o

  • o - 오 - part. honorific article, used to show deference to topic or direct object | n. number / amount / digit, numeral (see also ku)

yo

  • yo - 요 - from Mandarin 有 - suf. pronominal possessive
Example: nayo - my / mine
  • yoha - 요하 - from Mandarin 有 - v. have, possess
Example: na tsala yoha - I have sauce.

ua

  • ua - 우 - from Aramaic או - adj./adv./conj./det. or / other / either

ue

  • ue'o - 유오 - num. cardinal number 10

u

  • ute - 으더 - from Norwegian ute - prep. out / outside / out of

i

  • i - 이 - aff. prefixed to cardinal numbers to create the fractional | suffixed to familial terms to create the junior or child form
Examples: ue'o - ten > iue'o - a tenth | ota - father > ota'i - boy, son, nephew

ts

  • tsala - 자라 - from multiple salsa - n. paste, sauce
  • tsa'o - 자오 - num. cardinal number 6
  • tsikua - 지구 - from Cherokee ᏥᏍᏆ - n. bird, member of the class of animals Aves

tl

  • tlaka - 타가 - from Nahuatl tlacatl - n. man | adj. male, masculine
  • tlela - 터라 - adj./v. clean, wash
  • tle'o - 터오 - num. cardinal number 1000

h

  • ha'o - 하오 - num. cardinal number 3
  • hina - 히나 - from Arabic هنا - adj./adv./n. here / this place

Index

grammar outline | sentences | questions | lexicon | thematic lexicon | writing
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