Nordaþ pronouns
Personal pronouns
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Pronunciation
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Here is a list of personal pronouns in the most common usages. The next section explains their usage.
Subject ("Nominative case")
- ice/icä, duï/dua/duïï, oicen, veren, ïren, erä, sie, leci, läcen
Object ("Accusative case")
- iceite/iceitä, duïïtï/duïïta/duïïtïï, oiceiten, vereiten, ïreiten, ereitä, sieite, leceiti, läceiten
Indirect Object ("Dative case")
- icäte/icätä, duatï/duata/duatïï, oicäten, veräten, ïräten, erätä, siäte, lecäti, läcäten
Possessive ("Genitive case")
- icise/icisä, duïsï/duïsa/duïsïï, oicisen, verisen, ïrisen, erisä, siisen, lecisi, läcisen
Pronouns can be declined in other ways, as well: Refer to Nordaþ noun cases
General explanation of usage
The dative pronouns (icäte/icätä, duatï/duata/duatïï, et al) are used to replace the indirect object of a sentence. The accusative pronouns are used to replace the direct object of the sentence. The genitive forms are akin to the English terms "of me", "of you", "of him" etc. However, they are not restricted to either the front or the back of the word which is owned. Additionally, they can stand alone and function as the noun forms "mine", "yours", "his" etc. while still literally saying "of me" et al.
Demonstrative pronouns
- Near the speaker ("this"): þesämä, þesämi, þesäme
- Near the listener ("that"): þasemä, þasemi, þaseme
- Away from both the speaker and listener ("that over there"): þesemä, þesemi, þeseme
(Note that the above are only given in the nominative forms and always decline regularly)
Relative pronouns
Ke*
Ke* is derived from the Latin QUOD and means 'that' or 'which'.
- Þäsemi, kei senoiþ, senoiþ. Þäsemi, kei nänsenoiþ, nänsenoiþ. Senoiþ þäsemi esi? Esi senoiþ.
- That, that is, is. That, that is not, is not. Is that it? It is.
