Nother/Drake phonology
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Vowels
Drake has a fairly standard set of vowel positions, /a e i o u/. The vowels /a i u/ may be short or long.
Vowels | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Front | Near-front | Central | Back | |||||||
High | i iː | u uː | ||||||||
High-mid | e | o | ||||||||
Low | a aː |
Any vowel may also have creaky voice applied: /a̰ a̰ː ḛ ḭ ḭː o̰ ṵ ṵː/.
Examples | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
/a/ | ṭalā | /θàlaː/ | "into" |
Consonants
Consonants | ||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bilabial | Dental | Alveolar | Post-alv. | Retroflex | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | |||||||||
Nasal | m | n | ŋ | |||||||||||||
Plosive | t | d | k | g | ||||||||||||
Fricative | θ | ð | s | z | ʃ | ʂ | ʐ | x | ɣ | h | ||||||
Affricate | tʂ | dʐ | ||||||||||||||
Approximants | j | |||||||||||||||
Tap | ɾ | |||||||||||||||
Lateral Approximant | l |
It's unclear how /ʃ/ manages to survive on its own (or if it actually does exist as a phoneme), and whether the retroflex series is actually supposed to be retroflex; they might, perhaps, be palatal, but all I'm certain of is that my notes explicitly state them to be at a different POA than /ʃ/. Many (all?) consonants may be geminated.
Accent
Drake has a pitch accent on the penultimate syllable (2R). When the penult is long, it is a circumflex or falling accent; when it is short, it is grave; in monosyllables with an accent the accent is acute.