Proto-Samoyedic

Soundchanges from Proto-Uralic:

Proto-Uralic to Proto-East Uralic

These sound changes appear to be shared with Ugric.

*s, *š → *θ ([ɬ]?)
*sʲ → *s (possibly also: *tsʲ → *ts)
*ðʲ → *lʲ (shared with Permic; possibly a pseudo-sound change, the case for PU *lʲ is weak, and this may point to *ðʲ being [lʲ])
*k, *x, *w → ɣ / V_ə (all eventually lost)
*Ck, kC → *ɣC? / C = *θ, *s (no direct evidence due to later loss)

*ŋ → *n / _θ (*jOŋsi)
*m → *p / _θ ? (*pImsimi)
*θ → *t (counterbleeds the previous — *mt *ŋt remain)
*ts → *s ?
*x → *ə (probably common Uralic)
*o → *a (feeds fronting to *ä in "some" cases; *tolwa → *tälwä, *tåjwä both)
*ü → *i (feeds the next)
*i, *u → *ə / _Ca (block'd by an original cluster)
*e → *i / _C(C)a
*ɤ → *ɯ / _Ca (sometimes elsewhere: *ëni, *lëmpi)
*u → *o / _Ci (counterfeeds *o → *a, block'd by an original cluster, exceptions: *kulki → *kəj)

(an inefficiently asymmetric set of sound changes!)

*l → *lʲ / _C, _#_, _i(C)#
- Word-initial development is clear, tho exceptions happen (*lëpsi)
- *lw → *jw is clear. *ilm → *əjm may involve palatalization, as may *lki → *j.
- *li → *j may be due to coda position or palatalization
possibly: *e → *ɪ / _C(C)i
*ä → *e ([ɛ] or [e]? depends on the previous)
*a → *ä [æ]? / before a coda palatal (sometimes elsewhere)
*a → *a [ɑ]? / finally after a lateral, after front vowels (sometimes elsewhere)
*a → *ə / sometimes stem-finally (*jupta, *konta, *kuma, *sʲala, *sʲoðʲa, *tora)
*a → *å [ɒ] / elsewhere
*i → *ə / _# (perhaps not feasible as PEU per palatalization of *l)
*ə → ∅ / VC_# (postcedes x-vocalization, exceptions *juri, *sʲüðʲi)
*ɣ → ∅
*k → ∅ / _C_ (except *-ŋk-) (counterbleeds *ə → ∅, cf. *w-loss)
*w → *m / _lʲ ? (*käðʲwa)
*lʲ → *j (counterbleeds *a → *ä, feeds the next)
*i → *ə / _j
*ð → *r
*e → *ü / _Cw (*käðwi, *jäwji; but not in *täwði)
*w → ∅ / in a 2nd syllable (counterbleeds *ə → ∅; *jäwji, *käliw, *täwði, etc. Remains *täwiw → *tiwə, also in *jw)