Pronouns
Personal, reflexive and impersonal pronouns
Many of these pronouns have a short or unstressed and a long or stressed form. Where this is the case the short or unstressed form is shown to the left and the long or stressed to the right with a slash between them. It should be noted that some of these stressed or long forms go back to Latin unstressed forms which became stressed once again in certain contexts. These re-stressed forms with lengthened vowels could then lose stress again, resulting in doublets with a long vowel and a diphthong respectively, and thus three different forms corresponding to three degrees of stress or emphasis. In the further development of the separate languages some or other of these forms usually fell out of use, the cycle of loss and acquisition of stress going on through the centuries. The impersonal pronoun hom is in origin an unstressed form of the noun hoam 'man' < homō, illustrating this process at its extreme.
| Personal, reflexive and impersonal pronouns
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
|
| m.
|
f.
|
m.
|
f.
|
| 1st person
|
Nom.
|
jō
|
nus
|
| Acc.
|
mi/mē/mei
|
| Gen.
|
mīs
|
ma
|
nōster
|
nōstra
|
| Dat.
|
mī
|
nous
|
| 2d person
|
Nom.
|
tū
|
wus
|
| Acc.
|
ti/tē/tei
|
| Gen.
|
tus
|
ta
|
wōster
|
wōstra
|
| Dat.
|
tī
|
wous
|
Refl.
|
Impers.
|
| 3d person
|
Nom.
|
el
|
ella
|
lī/ellī
|
lē/lei/ellas
|
|
hom
|
| Acc.
|
lu/lō/lou
|
la/lā
|
los/els
|
las/ellas
|
si/sē/sei
|
hom(m)
|
| Gen.
|
sus
|
sa
|
lōr/lour/ellōr
|
|
hommis
|
| Dat.
|
lui
|
lei
|
līs/ellīs
|
sī
|
hommī
|
Technical note
Here it is, actually first drawn on paper, then created in
a WYSIWYG HTML editor and then converted to wiki!
I had to combine two table styles -- which I preferred
to creating a brand new one -- to make it reasonably
readable; the box grid and different shadings did wonders
compared to applying only either one of the two styles!
Revision I (PMC)
| Personal, reflexive and impersonal pronouns
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
|
| m.
|
f.
|
m.
|
f.
|
| 1st person
|
Nom.
|
jō
|
nus
|
| Acc.
|
mi/mē/mei
|
| Gen.
|
mīs
|
ma
|
nōster
|
nōstra
|
| Dat.
|
mī
|
nous
|
| 2d person
|
Nom.
|
tū
|
wus
|
| Acc.
|
ti/tē/tei
|
| Gen.
|
tus
|
ta
|
wōster
|
wōstra
|
| Dat.
|
tī
|
wous
|
Refl.
|
Impers.
|
| 3d person
|
Nom.
|
el
|
ella
|
lī/ellī
|
lē/lei/ellas
|
|
hom
|
| Acc.
|
lu/lō/lou
|
la/lā
|
los/els
|
las/ellas
|
si/sē/sei
|
hom(m)
|
| Gen.
|
sus
|
sa
|
lōr/lour/ellōr
|
|
hommis
|
| Dat.
|
lui
|
lei
|
līs/ellīs
|
sī
|
hommī
|
