East-A Altaic'
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A more conservativ subfamily of East Altaic', spoken in NW Himalayas.
Some sound changes from Proto-East Altaic':
- ʈ → q
- ʊ → o
- ɜ → ʌ
- loss of contrastiv labialization in uvulars
- prenasalization drops
- ɢ → ʁ → ∅, h
- β → v
- labialized velars → labial-velars
- æ ɑ merge
- fricativ voicing intervocally
- ʂ ʐ → x r
A typical phoneme system is (phonemes only occuring in few languages in parentheses):
| Labial | Dental / alveolar |
Post- alveolar |
Velar | Labial- velar |
Uvular / glottal | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Voiceless stops | p | t | ʧ | k | kp | q |
| Voiced stops | b | d | ʤ | ɡ | ɡb | |
| Voiceless fricativs | (f) | s | ʃ | x | h | |
| Voiced fricativs | v | z | ʒ | (ɣ) | ||
| Nasals | m | n | ŋ | ŋm | ||
| Approximants | l | r j | w |
| Front | Lax | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hi | i | ɪ | u |
| Mid | e | ʌ | o |
| Lo | a ~ ɑ | ||
