Trentish Phonology
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Phonemic Inventory
Consonants
labial | alveolar | palatal | velar | glottal | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
plosive | p pʼ pʰ (pʷ?) | tʼ tʰ tʷ | c cʰ cʷ | k kʼ kʰ kʷ | ʔ |
nasal | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | |
lateral | l tɬ | ||||
fricative | s ʃ | x |
Vowels
i y | ʊ u |
e ø | o |
ʌ ɔ | |
ɑ |
Orthography
(tentative)
- b p ph t th tw dʼ tʼh tʼw g k kh kw q
- m n ny ng
- l ƛ
- s sh x
- i ü uh u
- e ö oh
- r o
- a
No uppercase.
Internal Sandhi
Word-level
- Trentish words can only end in a vowel or a nasal. Stops and /l/ occurring at the end of a word are nasalized, thus /thɑk/ "wear" becomes [thɑŋ]. /ʔ/ and the other consonants are dropped.
Syllable-level
Syllable-final
- Plain voiceless consonants disappear, lengthening the previous vowel:
- /xlɔʔ/ "washed, clean" → [xlɔɔkʷʌ] "be washed".
- Ejectives and /l/ turn to nasals as at the word level:
- /tʰɔl/ "upon" → [tʰɔŋkʷʌ] "be on top of".
- Labialized consonants reduce to [w]:
- /kitʷ/ COLL → [kiwcʷecʷe] "set of journeys".
- Aspirated consonants fricativize:
- /pʼɑlɑkʰ/ "hate" → [pʼɑlɑxpʼɑlɑŋ] "grudge".
Syllable-initial after a nasal
- Aspirated stops are ejectivized by a preceding original nasal:
- /tʰɑŋ/ "wear" → [xɑntʼɑŋ] "wear that"
- Labialized stops inherit preceding nasality:
- /cʷe/ "go" → [xɑnɲʷe] "go up yonder".
- Plain stops are aspirated by a preceding nasal:
- /pɑ/ TOP → [xɑnpʰɑ] "yonder"
- Ejective stops geminate a preceding nasal:
- /pʼɑlɑŋ/ "hate" → [xɑmmɑlɑŋ] "hate that"
Syllable-inital after /ɲ/
- /ɲl/ > [ɲʎ]
- /ɲx/ > [ɲç]
- /ɲm/ > [ɲmʲ] etc.