East-A Altaic'
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A more conservativ subfamily of East Altaic', spoken in NW Himalayas.
Some sound changes from Proto-East Altaic':
- loss of contrastiv labialization in uvulars
- labialized velars → labial-velars
- ɜ → ʌ
- æ, ɑ → ɑ̵
- ʊ → o
- fricativ voicing
- retroflex loss: ʈ ʂ ʐ → q x r (probably occurs in phases — ʈ → q appears to be the oldest change)
A typical phoneme system is (phonemes only occuring in few languages in parentheses):
Labial | Dental / alveolar |
Post- alveolar |
Velar | Labial- velar |
Uvular / glottal | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Voiceless stops | p | t | ʧ | k | kp | q |
Voiced stops | b | d | ʤ | ɡ | ɡb | |
Voiceless fricativs | (f) | s | ʃ | x | h | |
Voiced fricativs | v | z | ʒ | (ɣ) | ||
Nasals | m | n | ŋ | ŋm | ||
Approximants | l | r j | w |
Front | Lax | Back | |
---|---|---|---|
Hi | i | ɪ | u |
Mid | e | ʌ | o |
Lo | a ~ ɑ |