Proto-West Altaic'

Changes from Proto-Altaic' to Late Proto-West Altaic':

• /s ʂ/ → [ts tʂ] and /ɽ/ → [ɖ] when initial or prenasal
  • after which /N/ drops here, phonemicizing 'em
    • after which /ts/ → /θ/
• Conditional lenition of dorsal stops (before a certain subset of vowels maybe??) to fricativs
  • after which: /x xʷ Nx Nxʷ χ χʷ Nχ Nχʷ/ → /h f ŋh ŋʷh ħ fˤ ŋħ ŋʷħ/
• Retroflexes acquire velarization
  • after which stops → velars before front vowels, emphatics elsewhere; [ɽˠ] → /g/ consistently
• POA chain shift
  • 1a) /p f/ → /t̻ θ/
  • 1b) /j/ → /ɟ/ → /d̻/
  • 1c) /w/ → /βˠ/ → /bˠ/ →/bˤ/
  • 2a) /t tʂ s n/ → /ṯ ṯ s̱ ṉ/, obstruents = [ʧ ʃ] before front vowels
  • 2b) /kʷ ŋʷ qʷ/ → /p m pˤ/
  • 3a) /q/ → /ʔ/
  • 3b) /θ/ → /s̻/
• /l/ → /n̻/
• Fricativ voicing
• ...

	Labial		Lamino- dental	Apico- postalveolar		Velar	Pharyngeal	Glottal
	Plain	Emphatic		Plain	Emphatic
Voiceless stops	p	pˤ	t̻	ṯ	ṯˤ	k		ʔ
Voiced stops	b	bˤ	d̻	ḏ	ḏˤ	g
Voiceless fricativs			s̻	s̱	ʂˣ		ħ	h
Voiced fricativs			z̻	ẕ	ʐˠ		ʕ
Nasals	m	mˤ	n̻	ṉ		ŋ

Depending on the font, the laminality signs (subsc. square) may look like dentality sings (subsc. bridge), but since they're dental anyway, that's no problem.