User:Sectori/Compositions

Scandinavian-seeming conlang with IE-esque ablaut.

Phonology:

/p t k b d g/

/l r\ w j/ <l r v j> /f s T D h/ <f s þ ð h> /m n/ <m n> /tS dZ C j\ S/ <tj dj hj gj sj> /a E i O u/ <a e i o u> /a: E: i: O: u:/ <á é í ó ú> /e e: o o: y y:/ <æ ǽ ø ǿ y ý> Allophones: n/N/_C[+velar] Cj/C_j g/G/_# Syllable structure undefined, but I can tell you that traditional grammar creates syllable breaks before vowels. There's a series of umlaut rules, just for fun: i-umlaut a > e á > é e > æ é > ǽ æ > i ǽ > í o > a ó > á ø > æ ǿ > ǽ u > y ú > ý y > i ý > í u-umlaut a > o á > ó e > ø é > ǿ æ > ø ǽ > ǿ i > y í > ý o > ø ó > ǿ ø > u ǿ > ú y > u ý > ú Nouns have three genders: masculine, feminine, and neuter; and two numbers, singular and plural. Nouns are divided into several declension patterns. Nouns decline for two cases, nominative and oblique. Masculine: Nominative singular: -(-) Nominative plural: -ar Oblique singular: *-(-) Oblique plural: -ann yl/ylar (silver) il/ylann Feminine: Nominative singular: -a Nominative plural: -or Oblique singular: ^-(-) Oblique plural: ^-um ðura/ðuror (gold) ður/ðurum Neuter: Nominative singular: -(-) Nominative plural: -a Oblique singular: -(-) Oblique plural: -a ylður/ylðura (electrum) ylður/ylðura

• i-umlaut the final vowel of the stem

^u-umlaut the final vowel of the stem Verbs inflect for the following: mood (indicative, subjunctive, imperative) and tense (present, preterite), participle (present, past), and infinitive. There are two loose classes of verbs, ablaut and non-ablaut. The infinitive of all non-ablaut verbs ends in -á. Ablaut verbs have infinitives ending variously in -á, *-í, or ^-ú. a-ablaut verbs follow the following pattern of stem vowel alternations. Present indicative: -o- Preterite indicative: -a- Past participle: -ø- e-ablaut verbs follow the following pattern of stem vowel alternations: Present indicative: -a- Preterite indicative: -e- Past participle: -ø- i-ablaut verbs follow the following pattern of stem vowel alternations: Present indicative: -e- Preterite indicative: -i- Past participle: -ø- o-ablaut verbs follow the following pattern of stem vowel alternations: Present indicative: -a- Preterite indicative: -o- Past participle: -o- u-ablaut verbs follow the following pattern of stem vowel alternations: Present indicative: -y- Preterite indicative: -i- Past participle: -u- The inflectional endings for ablaut verbs are: Present indicative: (gjoltá, cut) ^-u (gjøltu) -Vr (gjoltar) -Vð (gjoltað) -Vm (gjoltam) -Vþ (gjoltaþ) -Vn (gjoltan) Where -V- is the ablaut stem vowel. Preterite indicative: -(-) (gjalt) -t (gjaltt) -(-) (gjalt) ^-um (gjoltum) ^-uþ (gjoltuþ) ^-un (gjoltun) Present subjunctive:

• -V (gjalta)
• -Vr (gjaltar)
• -Vð (gjaltað)
• -Vm (gjaltam)
• -Vþ (gjaltaþ)
• -Vn (gjaltan

Preterite subjunctive: ^-(-) (gjolt) ^-t (gjoltt) ^-(-) (gjolt) ^-um (gjoltum) ^-uð (gjoltuþ) ^-un (gjoltun) Imperative (second person only) -(-) (gjolt!) -Vþ (gjoltaþ!) Present participle: -Vnd (gjoltand) Past participle: -t- (gjoltt-) The past participle inflects as an adjective. Adjectives inflect as nouns, with the added bonus that they must agree in gender and number with the noun they modify. So, gjoltt- (cut), declines as follows: gjoltt/gjolttar gjøltt/gjolttann gjoltta/gjolttor gjøltt/gjølttum gjøltt/gjoltta gjøltt/gjoltta