Onschen
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Ossmalic
| Ossmalic мэ́ӈ оссэма́л | |
|---|---|
| Pronounced: | [ˈmə́ŋ òs.ˈsmál] |
| Spoken: | Ossmal |
| Writing system: | Sealbone Script |
| Genealogy: | Language isolate |
| Typology | |
| Morphological type: | ??? |
| Morphosyntactic alignment: | ergative-absolutive |
| Basic word order: | VSO |
| Credits | |
| Creator: | Malcolm G. Holborne |
28 consonants:
| Labial | Coronal | Palatal | Velar | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| hard | soft | hard | soft | ||||
| Nasal | м /m/ | н /n̪/ | нь /n̪ʲ/ | ӈ /ŋ/ | ӈь /ŋʲ/ | ||
| Stop | voiceless | п /p/ | т /t̪/ | ть /t̪ʲ/ | к /k/ | кь /kʲ/ | |
| voiced | мп /b/ | нт /d̪/ | нть /d̪ʲ/ | ӈк /g/ | ӈкь /gʲ/ | ||
| Fricative | в /ʋ/ | с /s/ | сь /sʲ/ | і /j/ | х /x/ | хь /xʲ/ | |
| Approximant | л /l/ | ль /lʲ/ | |||||
| Type | Front | Central | Back |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | и /i/ | э /ə~ɨ/ | у /u/ |
| Mid | е /e/ | о /o/ | |
| Open | а /a/ | ||
| Type | Front | Back |
|---|---|---|
| Mid Falling | іе /i̯e/ | во /u̯o/ |
| Open Falling | іа /i̯a/ | ва /u̯a/ |
| Origin | ä | e | ö | i | ü | a | ë | o | ï | u | ää | ee | öö | ii | üü | aa | ëë | oo | ïï | uu | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stage 1 | unstressed | ǎ | ě | ǒ | ь₁ | ь₂ | a | e | o | ъ₁ | ъ₂ | ǎ | ě | ǒ | ǐ | ǔ | a | e | o | i | u | |
| stressed | ǐ | ǔ | i | u | ǐa | ǔa | ǐe | ǔo | ia | ua | ie | uo | ||||||||||
| Origin | æ | e | ø | i | y | ɑ | ɤ | o | ɯ | u | æː | eː | øː | iː | yː | ɑː | ɤː | oː | ɯː | uː | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stage 1 | unstressed | ʲa | ʲe | ʲo | ʲĭ | ʲŭ | a | e | o | ĭ | ŭ | ʲa | ʲe | ʲo | ʲi | ʲu | a | e | o | i | u | |
| stressed | ʲi | ʲu | i | u | ʲi̯a | ʲu̯a | ʲi̯e | ʲu̯o | i̯a | u̯a | i̯e | u̯o | ||||||||||
Tone is not explicitly marked in writing but inferred based on historical voicing distinctions and consonant clusters:
| Consonant | High | Low | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Stop | Plain | па /pá/ | ба /pà/ |
| та /t̪á/ | да /t̪à/ | ||
| ка /ká/ | га /kà/ | ||
| Voiced | мпа /bá/ | мба /bà/ | |
| нта /d̪á/ | нда /d̪à/ | ||
| ӈка /gá/ | ӈга /gà/ | ||
| Fricative | са /sá/ | — | |
| ха /xá/ | — | ||
| Sonorant | — | ма /mà/ | |
| — | на /n̪à/ | ||
| — | ӈа /ŋà/ | ||
| — | ла /là/ | ||
Tone possibly indicated on vowels instead:
- а́ е́ и́ э́ о́ у́
- а̀ ѐ ѝ э̀ о̀ у̀
Animate:
- ма̀дсьаі "human" [sg], ??? "people" [pl]
- сьо́лаі "river" [sg], ??? "rivers" [pl]
- хва́лаі "horse" [sg], ??? "horses" [pl]
- кхьва́наі "god" [sg], ??? "gods" [pl]
- дэ̀лхаі ??? [sg]
Inanimate:
- сэма́л "mountain" [sg], сэма̀ль "mountains" [pl]
- сьо́л "lake" [sg], сьо́ль "lakes" [pl]
- ду̀д "house" [sg], ду̀дь "houses" [pl]
- мэ́ӈ "language" [sg], мэ̀ӈь "languages" [pl]
Adjective prefixes
Colours
- маг- "black, dark"
- ос- "white, light"
- тьил- "immoral, wicked, evil"
