Senjecas - Verdurian Test Sentences 11-20

Pronunciation table

peműko (labial)								riisűko (dental)								muitűko (alveolar)								vainűko (palatal)							ṡ̨uuše̋nos (vowels with प)								nı̋þo ṡ̨uuše̋nos (weak vowels)
p	b	f	v	m̃	m			t	d	þ	ð	ɫ	l			ṡ	ż	s	z	r	n			k	g	x	ƣ	h	ȝ			š	s̨			i	e	a	ɔ	o	u			ı	ɛ	y
प	ब	फ	भ	म़	म			त	द	थ	ध	ल़	ल			च	ज	स	स़	र	न			क	ग	क़	ग़	ह	य			स्व	स्य			इ ई पि पी	ए एै पे पै	अ आ प पा	ऒ ॵ पॊ पॏ	ओ औ पो पौ	उ ऊ पु पू			पं	पऺ	पॅ
/p/	/b/	/ɸ/	/β/	/m̥/	/m/			/t/	/d/	/θ/	/ð/	/l̥/	/l/			/ʦ/	/ʣ/	/s/	/z/	/ɾ̥/	/n/			/k/	/g/	/ç/	/ʝ/	/j̊/	/j/			/sʷ/	/sʲ/			/i/	/e/	/ä/	/ɒ/	/o/	/u/			/ɪ/	/ɛ/	/ʊ/

Glossing abbreviations

1s/p = 1st person singular/plural	ABL = ablative suffix	COL = collective	F = feminine	INT = intensive prefix	PRV = privative prefix	SUP = supine
2s/p = 2nd person singular/plural	ABS = absolutive (an unmarked modifying adjective)	DES = desiderative	FRQ = frequentative	LAT = lative suffix	PST = past	TRZ = transitivizer
3 = 3rd person	ADV = adverb	DIM = diminutive	FUT = future	LOC = locative suffix	REV = reversive	VOC = vocative particle
A(.s/p) = accusative (singular/plural)	AG = agent	ELIS = elision	IMP = imperative	M = masculine	Q = interrogative particle	YNG = young
G(.s/p) = genitive (singular/plural)	AP = agent (active) participle	ELT = elative	INC = inchoative	OCC = occupation suffix	QUOT = direct quotation
N(.s/p) = nominative (singular/plural)	AUG = augmentative	EP = epenthesis	IND = indicative	PP = patient (past) participle	RPR = recent perfective
V(.s/p) = vocative (singular/plural)	CAUS = causative	EQU = equative degree	INS = instrument	PRF = perfect	SBJ = subjunctive

Sentences

• 11a. I'm reading that cursed book (to the bitter end).
• mu ṡ̨a̋bo műgom do a-siia̋mlom ð̨a̋a̋antu vűűa: (I'm reading it now.)

m-u	ṡ̨a̋bo-Ø	műg-om	do	a=sii.a̋ml-om	ð̨a̋a̋-a-nt-u	vűű-a
1s-N	bitter-ABS	end-A.s	to	that=bind.paper-A.s	read-IND-AP-N.s	be-IND

• 11b. I'm reading that cursed book (to the bitter end).
• mu ṡ̨a̋bo műgom do a-siia̋mlom u-ð̨a̋a̋a: (Starting tomorrow.)

m-u	ṡ̨a̋bo-Ø	műg-om	do	a=sii.a̋ml-om	u=ð̨a̋a̋-a
1s-N	bitter-ABS	end-A.s	to	that=bind.paper-A.s	FUT=read-IND

• 12. Mother burst into tears, but Father burst out laughing.
• ma̋a̋ma kı̋non éna e-na̋ba. ésti ta̋a̋ta ı̋non éna e-na̋ba:

ma̋a̋m-a	kı̋n-on	éna	e=na̋b-a	ésti	ta̋a̋t-a	ı̋n-on	éna	e=na̋b-a
mother-N.s	tear-A.p	into	PST=explode-IND	but	father-N.s	laugh-A.p	into	PST=explode-IND

• 13. The child said, if only the sun were blue!
• ṡı̋ṡu e-te̋e̋a: m̃a ebátu sűűle kőőx' ese̋ȝa m̃ar:

ṡı̋ṡ-u	e=te̋e̋-a	m̃a	ebátu	sűűl-e	kőőx-'	es-e̋ȝa	m̃ar
child-N.as	PST=say-IND	QUOT	if.only	sun-N.s	blue-ELIS	be-SBJ	QUOT

• 14. This chimney sweep wishes he was a prince!
• i-koƣɫɛše̋vlu éȝum asűrum e̋su ɫe̋e̋la:

i=koƣɫ-ɛ-še̋v-l-u	éȝ-um	asűr-um	e̋s-u	ɫe̋e̋l-a
this=chimney.ELIS.sweep-AG-N.s	3-A.s	prince-A.s	be-SUP	wish-IND

• 15. He believes that the birds are his ancestors!
• éȝu m̃e̋ȝen ane̋run e̋su na̋ma:

éȝ-u	m̃e̋ȝ-en	ane̋r-un	e̋s-u	na̋m-a
3-N.s	bird-A.p	ancestor-A.p	be-SUP	believe-IND

• 16. He took his knife- he would need it later.
• éȝu sı̋ı̋mlom e-ga̋a̋na: xıxálvi éȝom iiƣe̋ȝa:

éȝ-u	sı̋ı̋m-l-om	e=ga̋a̋n-a	xı~xál=vi	éȝ-om	iiƣ-e̋ȝa
3-N.s	cut-INS-A.s	PST=take-IND	ELT~late=ADV	3-A.s	need-SBJ

• 17. Seeing is believing.
• na̋ku őőu e̋sa:

na̋k-u	őő-u	e̋s-a
see-SUP	believe-SUP	be-IND

• 18. Knowledge is good.
• sa̋a̋r̈a va̋da e̋sa:

sa̋a̋r̈-a	va̋d-a	e̋s-a
knowledge-N.s	good-N.s	be-IND

• 19. To be able to see the elcari will be impossible.
• elca̋ri na̋ku ma̋ƣu alma̋ƣa u-e̋sa:

elca̋ri	na̋k-u	ma̋ƣ-u	al=ma̋ƣ-a	u=e̋s-a
elcari	see-SUP	be.able-SUP	PRV=be.able-N.s	FUT=be-IND

• 20. Seeing the bishop, the hoodlum smiled slightly.
• evna̋ƣlum na̋kantu le̋iþlu léɫvi e-m̨ősa:

ev.na̋ƣ-l-um	na̋k-a-ntu-Ø	le̋iþ-l-u	léɫ=vi	e=m̨ős-a
over.see-AG-A.s	see-IND-AP-ABS	commit.a.crime-AG-N.s	slight=ADV	PST=smile-IND

Senjecas - Verdurian Test Sentences 21-30