Fudasi: Phonology

Introduction

• The Nemuti are divided into two nations, one north of the jungle and one south of the jungle. They speak the same language but there are some differences in their pronunciations. The following tables set out the these two different pronunciations.

Nemuti Phonology

Table of Phonemes

MOA	nasals				stops							sibilants				fricatives			tap		affricates				approximants			vowels
IPA	/m/	/n/	/ŋ/		/p/	/b/	/t/	/d/	/k/	/g/		/s/ (/θ/)	/z/ (/ð/)	/ʃ/		/ɸ/	/h/		/ɾ/ (/ʁ/)		/ʦ/	/ʧ/	/ʤ/		/j/	/w/		/i/	/e/	/ä/	/o/	/u/ (/ɯ/)
Latin	m	n	ŋ		p	b	t	d	k	g		s	z	x		f	h		r		ṡ	ċ	j		y	w		i	e	a	o	u
Nemuti	Γ	F	E		T	Ŧ	Ⴙ	Ⴌ	Ⴈ	ꟻ		X	Ӿ	ⵅ		Y	⅄		Ш		ⵡ	Η	Π		ᗐ	ᗑ		ᛁ	ᛚ	ᚫ	ᐃ	ᐁ
Devanagari	म	न	ङ		प	ब	त	ड	क	ग		स	स़	श		फ	ह		र		त्स	च	ज		य	व		इ	ए	अ	ओ	उ
Manaŋa	m	目	止		日	男	木	d	花	舌		s	里	血		f	母		火		心	ċ	j		w	山		天	石	支	o	u
Hangul	ㅁ	ㄴ	ㅇ		ㅂ	ㅃ	ㅌ	ㄷ	ㄱ	ㄲ		ㅅ	ㅆ	ㅊ		ㅍ	ㅎ		ㄹ		ㅋ	ㅈ	ㅉ					ㅣ	ㅓ	ㅏ	ㅗ	ㅜ
Latin	ma	na	ŋa		pa	ba	ta	da	ka	ga		sa	za	xa		fa	ha		ra		ṡa	ċa	ja		ya	wa		i	e	a	o	u

Note

• The alphabet is ordered according to the position of the letters on this table, first the nasals, then the stops, etc.

Table of Consonants

		Labial	Dental	Alveolar	Postalveolar	Palato- alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Uvular	Glottal
Nasal	Voiced	<m> /m/	<n> /n/					<ŋ> /ŋ/
Stops	Voiceless	<p> /p/	<t> /t/					<k> /k/
	Voiced	<b> /b/	<d> /d/					<g> /g/
Sibilant Fricative	Voiceless			<s> /s/	<x> /ʃ/
	Voiced			<z> /z/
Non-sibilant Fricative	Voiceless	<f> /ɸ/	(<þ> /θ/)1							<h> /h/
	Voiced		(<ð> /ð/)						(<r> /ʁ/)
Tap	Voiced			<r> /ɾ/
Affricate	Voiceless			<ṡ> /ʦ/		<ċ> /ʧ/
	Voiced					<j> /ʤ/
Approximant	Voiced						<y> /j/	<w> /w/

Note:

• ¹Phonemes in parentheses indicate the pronunciations in southern Fudasi.

Table of Vowels

	Front	Central	Back
Close	<i> /i/		<u> /u/ (/ɯ/)1
Close-mid	<e> /e/
Open-mid			<o> /o/
Open		<a> /a/

Note:

• ¹Phoneme in parentheses indicates the pronunciation in southern Fudasi.

a e i o u ⅄ Ʇ 𐌝 Λ V

i e a o u Ι Ʇ Ⱶ Λ V

m n ŋ p b t d k g s z x f h r ṡ ċ j y w Γ F E T Ŧ Ⴙ Ⴌ Ⴈ ꟻ X Ӿ ⵅ Y ⅄ Ш ⵡ Η Π ᗐ ᗑ

| /p/ 田 field peve | /b/ 肉 buso meat | /β/ ! | /d/ ! | /z/ 厂 zesi cliff ! | /k/ ! | /h/ ! | /i/ | /e/ | /ä/ | /o/ 牛 otu cow | /ɯ/ 几 uto chair

弓 bow kofu 犬 dog ubo 瓜 melon, gourd, squash ovu 瓦 pottery 屮 puhevu left hand 矛 spear, lance kevu 竹 bamboo nesi 缶 pot, jar 网 net 羊 sheep, goat 耒 plow 臼 mortar 舟 dugout 艸 grass 谷 valley 豆 bean, pea 車 cart 金 gold 韭 garlic

tike貝, shellfish rufi, cave tutofo 禾, grain, cereal

ⴺ E — < = Ϙ Џ Ⴃ L V A Ɐ ∆ ⛛ 𐌂 Ұ Δ ∆

POA	labial					dental				alveolar					post- alveolar		palato- alveolar			palatal		velar					glottal		vowels
IPA	/m/	/p/	/b/	/ɸ/		/n/	/t/	/d/		/s/ (/θ/)	/z/ (/ð/)	/ɾ/ (/ʁ/)	/ʦ/		/ʃ/		/ʧ/	/ʤ/		/j/		/k/	/g/	/ŋ/	/w/		/h/		/i/	/e/	/ä/	/o/	/u/ (/ɯ/)
Latin	m	p	b	f		n	t	d		s	z	r	ṡ		x		ċ	j		y		k	g	ŋ	w		h		i	e	a	o	u
Fudasi	ꟻ	Γ	F	Ⴈ		Ʇ	T	Ŧ		Ⴙ	Ⴌ	Ⴞ	Ɥ		Ш		Y	Ұ		Η		V	Ɐ	Λ	A		Π		𐌝	𐌂	⅄	∆	⛛
Devanagari	म	प	ब	फ		न	त	ड		स	स़	र	त्स		श		च	ज		य		क	ग	ङ	व		ह		इ	ए	अ	ओ	उ
Mapabafa	m	日	男	f		目	木	d		s	z	火	心		月		ċ	血		y		花	舌	止	山		母		天	石	a	o	u
Latin	m	n	ŋ		p	b	t	d	k	g		s	z	x		f	h		r		ṡ	ċ	j		y	w		i	e	a	o	u
Name	ma	na	ŋa		pa	ba	ta	da	ka	ga		sa/þa	za/ða	xa		fa	ha		ra		ṡa	ċa	ja		ya	wa		i	e	a	o	u