Senjecas - break

Pronunciation table

पेमु॓को peműko (labial)								रीसु॓कॊ riisűko (dental)								मुइतु॓को muitűko (alveolar)								भइनु॓को vainűko (palatal)							च्युस्वे॓नोस् ṡ̨uuše̋nos (vowels with प)								नि॓थो च्युस्वे॓नोस् nı̋þo ṡ̨uuše̋nos (weak vowels)
p	b	f	v	m̃	m			t	d	þ	ð	ɫ	l			ṡ	ż	s	z	r	n			k	g	x	ƣ	h	ȝ			š	s̨			i	e	a	ɔ	o	u			ĭ	ĕ	ŭ
प	ब	फ	भ	म़	म			त	द	थ	ध	ल़	ल			च	ज	स	स़	र	न			क	ग	क़	ग़	ह	य			स्व	स्य			इ ई पि पी	ए एै ए पै	अ आ प पा	ऒ ॵ पॊ पॏ	ओ औ पो पौ	उ ऊ पु पू			पं	पऺ	पॅ
/p/	/b/	/ɸ/	/β/	/m̥/	/m/			/t/	/d/	/θ/	/ð/	/l̥/	/l/			/ʦ/	/ʣ/	/s/	/z/	/ɾ̥/	/n/			/k/	/g/	/ç/	/ʝ/	/j̊/	/j/			/sʷ/	/sʲ/			/i/	/e/	/ä/	/ɒ/	/o/	/u/			/ɪ/	/ɛ/	/ʊ/

Glossing abbreviations

1s/p = 1st person singular/plural	ABL = ablative suffix	COL = collective	EQU = equative degree	INS = instrument	PRF = perfect	SUP = supine
2s/p = 2nd person singular/plural	ABS = absolutive (an unmarked modifying adjective)	CONV = conversive	F = feminine	INT = intensive prefix	PRV = privative prefix	TRZ = transitivizer
3 = 3rd person	ADV = adverb	DES = desiderative	FRQ = frequentative	LAT = lative suffix	PST = past	VOC = vocative particle
A(.s/p) = accusative (singular/plural)	AG = agent	DIM = diminutive	FUT = future	LOC = locative suffix	Q = interrogative particle
G(.s/p) = genitive (singular/plural)	AP = agent (active) participle	ELIS = elision	IMP = imperative	M = masculine	QUOT = direct quotation
N(.s/p) = nominative (singular/plural)	AUG = augmentative	ELT = elative	INC = inchoative	OCC = occupation suffix	RPR = recent perfective
V(.s/p) = vocative (singular/plural)	CAUS = causative	EP = epenthesis	IND = indicative	PP = patient (past) participle	SBJ = subjunctive

Transitive

• 1. le̋ma ले॓म - separate into two or more pieces.
• She broke the cup.
• ए॔यु गि॓नदोम् ए-ले॓म॥
• éȝu gı̋ndom e-le̋ma:

éȝ-u	gı̋nd-om	e=le̋m-a
3-N.s	cup-A.s	PST=break-IND

• 2. le̋ma ले॓म - crack or fracture under a physical strain.
• The boy slipped on the ice and broke (his) leg.
• हु॓सु ये॓गोम् एन ए-पिस़ द ल॓कोम ए-ले॓म॥
• hűsu ȝe̋gom éna e-pı̋za da la̋kom e-le̋ma:

hűs-u	ȝe̋g-om	éna	e=pı̋z-a	da	la̋k-om	e=le̋m-a
boy-N.s	ice-A.s	on	PST=slip-IND	and	leg-A.s	PST=break-IND

• 3. pűla पु॓ल - divide something into smaller units.
• The merchant broke the bundle into smaller parcels.
• क्व॓पु पंपि॓नो दै॓गोन् एन मू॓थोम् ए-पु॓ल॥
• k̬a̋pu pĭpı̋no de̋e̋gon éna műűtom e-pűla:

k̬a̋p-u	pĭ~pı̋no-Ø	de̋e̋g-on	éna	műűt-om	e=pűl-a
merchant-N.s	ELT~small-ABS	parcel-A.p	into	bundle-A.s	PST=divide-IND

• 4. dusre̋e̋da दुस्रै॓द - crush the spirit.
• This method of torture will surely break the prisoner.
• गुनो॓स् इ-मौ॓दो कि॔सु को॓लथुम् उ-दुस्रै॓द॥
• gunős i-mőődo kísu kőlaþum u-dusre̋e̋da:

gun-ős	i=mőőd-o	kísu	kőlaþ-um	u=dus=re̋e̋d-a
torture-G.s	this=method-N.s	surely	prisoner-A.s	FUT=dis-=cheer-IND

• 5. dőma दो॓म - cause to lose the will.
• You have to break a horse before you can ride.
• तु मो॓रेम् दो॓मु के॓ल फे॔सि–मि॓मु म॓ग़॥
• tu mőrem dőmu ke̋la—fési mı̋mu ma̋ƣa:

t-u	mőr-em	dőm-u	ke̋l-a	fési	mı̋m-u	ma̋ƣ-a
2s-N	horse-A.s	break-SUP	must-IND	before	ride-SUP	be.able-IND

• 6. ðe̋ża धे॓ज - interrupt; destroy the continuity of; dissolve or terminate.
• The explosion broke the silence.
• न॓बो सआ॓मोम् ए-धे॓ज॥
• na̋bo sa̋a̋mom e-ðe̋ża:

na̋b-o	sa̋a̋m-om	e=ðe̋ż-a
explosion-N.s	silence-A.s	PST=break-IND

• 7. lı̋ða लि॓ध - violate, not adhere to
• He broke his promise to her.
• ई-एयु॔स् ओ उर्-एयु-क्वे॓तोम् ए-लि॓ध॥
• ii-eȝús o ur-eȝu-k̬e̋tom e-lı̋ða:

ii=eȝ-ús	o	ur=eȝu=k̬e̋t-om	e=lı̋ð-a
F=3-G.s	to	M=his=promise-A.s	PST=break-IND

• 8. m̃ine̋uda म़िने॓उद - stop, or to cause to stop, functioning properly or altogether
• Did you break the churn?
• तु क्यौ॓र्लोम् म़िने॓उद मे॥
• tu k̨őőrlom m̃ine̋uda me:

t-u	k̨őőr-l-om	m̃i=ne̋ud-a	me
2s-N	churn-INS-A.s	CONV=utilize-IND	Q

• 9. pa̋xa पक़ - interrupt (a fall) by inserting something so that the falling object not hit something else beneath
• He survived the jump out the window because the bushes below broke his fall.
• एयु तु॓न्गोम् ऊ॔द इ॓तोम् एत्वि॓ल़–हि ने॓रि दू॓सिस् एयु-फौ॓लोम् ए-प॓क़॥
• éȝu tűngom úúda ı̋tom e-t̬ı̋ɫa—hi ne̋ri dűűsis eȝu-főőlom e-pa̋xa:

éȝ-u	tűng-om	úúda	ı̋t-om	e=t̬ı̋ɫ-a	hi	ne̋ri-Ø	dűűs-is	eȝu=főől-om	e=pa̋x-a
3-N.s	window-A.s	out.of	jump-A.s	PST=survive-IND	because	below-ABS	bush-N.p	his=fall-A.s	PST=stop-IND

Intransitive

• 10. őna औ॓न - be overwhelmed with sorrow or grief
• My heart is breaking.
• मु-सु॓धो ओ॓न॥
• mu-sűðo őna:

mu=sűð-o	őn-a
my=heart-N.s	be.overwhelmed.with.grief-IND

• 11. de̋usa दे॓उस - pass the most dangerous part of the illness
• His fever broke at dawn.
• एयु-धे॓ल़ो भइग़॓स् ए-दे॓उस॥
• eȝu-ðe̋ɫo vaiƣa̋s e-de̋usa:

eȝu=ðe̋ɫ-o	vaiƣ-a̋s	e=de̋us-a
his=fever-N.s	dawn-G.s	PST=stop-IND

• 12. vı̋ra भि॓र - collapse into surf
• I see waves breaking on the shore.
• मु क्यु॓दोम् एन भि॓रन्तो द॓लोऽ न॓क॥
• mu k̨űdom éna vı̋ranto da̋lo' na̋ka:

m-u	k̨űd-om	éna	vı̋r-a-nto-Ø	da̋l-o-'	na̋k-a
1s-N	shore-A.s	on	collapse-IND-AP-ABS	wave-A.p-ELIS	see-IND

• 13. þűka थु॓क - end of a storm or spell of weather
• I hope this hot weather breaks before our trip.
• मु–ती॓थो इ-ल॓थो म़ु-तग़ो॓स् फे॔स थु॓कु–इ॓च॥
• mu—tı̋ı̋þo i-la̋þo m̃u-taƣős fésa þűku—ı̋ṡa:

m-u	tı̋ı̋þo-Ø	i=la̋þ-o	m̃u=taƣ-ős	fésa	þűk-u	ı̋ṡ-a
1s-N	hot-ABS	this=weather-N.s	our=trip-G.s	before	finish-SUP	hope-IND

• 14. żűka जुक - interrupt or cease one's work or occupation temporarily
• Let's (take a) break, then start again.
• म़ु॔स् जु॓के। पो॔सु नआ॔नु तो॓दे॥
• m̃ús żűke. pósu náánu tőde:

m̃-ús	żűk-e	pósu	náánu	tőd-e
1p-V	pause-IMP	then	again	begin-IMP

Senjecas - but