Cernelian/1st declension
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Nominals ending in -o, or sometimes -a (not to be confused with irregular nouns like sa "swamp").
Type 1A
Nominals with stems ending in -b, -ch, -d, -f, -ł, -m, -n, -p, -r, -s, -t, -w, and -z.
| Singular | Plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | -o | -o | |
| Accusative | Inanimate | ||
| Animate | -ę | ||
| Genitive | -odzię | ||
| Dative | -oję | -ię | |
| Locative | -oso | -iacho | |
| Ablative | -osto | -iasto | |
| Instrumental | -onie | -ienie | |
| Vocative | -oso | -o | |
Examples:
| Singular | Plural | |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative | koło | koło |
| Accusative | kołę | |
| Genitive | kołodzię | |
| Dative | kołoję | kolę |
| Locative | kołoso | kolacho |
| Ablative | kołosto | kolasto |
| Instrumental | kołonie | kolenie |
| Vocative | kołoso | koło |
Type 1B
Mix between type 1A and 1C, weak grades behave like 1C endings while strong grades behave like 1A (weak grades are shown in the previous section). Examples:
| Singular | Plural | |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative | apo | a |
| Accusative | awę | |
| Genitive | apodzię | |
| Dative | apoję | apę |
| Locative | aso | ajszo |
| Ablative | asto | ajsto |
| Instrumental | aponie | apienie |
| Vocative | aso | a |
Type 1B
Nominals ending in -a.
| Singular | Plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | -a | -a | |
| Accusative | Inanimate | ||
| Animate | -ę | ||
| Genitive | -adzię | ||
| Dative | -aję | -aję | |
| Locative | -aso | -ajcho | |
| Ablative | -asto | -ajsto | |
| Instrumental | -anie | -ajnie | |
| Vocative | -aso | -a | |
Examples:
| Singular | Plural | |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative | jała | jała |
| Accusative | ||
| Genitive | jałę | jaładzię |
| Dative | jałaję | jałaję |
| Locative | jałaso | jałajszo |
| Ablative | jałasto | jałajsto |
| Instrumental | jałanie | jałajnie |
| Vocative | jałaso | jała |
This group is caused by loss of fricatives -b-, -d-, and -g-, between two adjacent vowels. It can also used for loans in -a usually from Polish, for example Karolina "Karolina, a female given name", dat. Karolinaję "to Karolina", inst. Karolinanie "with Karolina".
