Cernelian/3rd declension
From FrathWiki
Jump to navigationJump to search
Nominals ending in soft -∅. Because in Proto-Finnic this type ends in -i which transparent in vowel harmony (łólcho "in the stupid one" vs. nirsze "in the dull one"), it split into four subtypes. While in other Finnic languages e-stem is more alive, i-stem is much alive here and the e-stem of 3rd declension simply died. The only remnant of e-stem here is the nominative (incl. accusative and vocative) plurals.
Type 3A
Nominals with stems ending in -b, -ć, -dź, -j, -m, -ń, -p, -ś, -w, and -ź (all letters containing acute accent like -dź always written -Ci(V)- before vowels). It has back vowel harmony.
| Singular | Plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | -∅ | -ie | |
| Accusative | Inanimate | ||
| Animate | -ię | ||
| Genitive | -iedzię | ||
| Dative | -ią | -ią | |
| Locative | -cho | -iszo | |
| Ablative | -sto | -isto | |
| Instrumental | -ło | -iło | |
| Vocative | -cho | -ie | |
Examples:
| Singular | Plural | |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative | tuć | tucie |
| Accusative | tucię | |
| Genitive | tuciedzię | |
| Dative | tucią | tucią |
| Locative | tućcho | tuciszo |
| Ablative | tućsto | tucisto |
| Instrumental | tućło | tuciło |
| Vocative | tućcho | tucie |
