Cernelian/1st declension
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Nominals ending in -o, or sometimes -a (not to be confused with irregular nouns like sa "swamp").
Type 1A
Nominals with stems ending in -b, -ch, -d, -f, -ł, -m, -n, -p, -r, -s, -t, -w, and -z.
| Singular | Plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | -o | -o | |
| Accusative | Inanimate | ||
| Animate | -ę | ||
| Genitive | -odzię | ||
| Dative | -oję | -ię | |
| Locative | -oso | -iacho | |
| Ablative | -osto | -iasto | |
| Instrumental | -oło | -iało | |
| Vocative | -oso | -o | |
Examples:
| Singular | Plural | |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative | koło | koło |
| Accusative | kołę | |
| Genitive | kołodzię | |
| Dative | kołoję | kolę |
| Locative | kołoso | kolacho |
| Ablative | kołosto | kolasto |
| Instrumental | kołoło | kolało |
| Vocative | kołoso | koło |
| Singular | Plural | |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative | apo | awo |
| Accusative | awę | |
| Genitive | apodzię | |
| Dative | apoję | apę |
| Locative | awoso | awiacho |
| Ablative | awosto | awiasto |
| Instrumental | awoło | awiało |
| Vocative | awoso | awo |
Type 1B
Nominals with stems ending in -k and -g (this consonant only exists after consonants).
| Singular | Plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | -o | -o | |
| Accusative | Inanimate | ||
| Animate | -ię | ||
| Genitive | -odzię | ||
| Dative | -oję | -ię | |
| Locative | -oso | -iacho | |
| Ablative | -osto | -iasto | |
| Instrumental | -oło | -iało | |
| Vocative | -oso | -o | |
Examples:
| Singular | Plural | |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative | jałko | jałgo |
| Accusative | jałgię | |
| Genitive | jałkodzię | |
| Dative | jałkoję | jełcę |
| Locative | jałgoso | jełdzacho |
| Ablative | jałgosto | jełdzasto |
| Instrumental | jałgoło | jełdzało |
| Vocative | jałgoso | jałgo |
Type 1C
Nominals ending in -a, with the last consonant ending in -b, -ch, -d, -f, -ł, -m, -n, -p, -r, -s, -t, -w, and -z.
| Singular | Plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | -a | -a | |
| Accusative | Inanimate | ||
| Animate | -oję | ||
| Genitive | -adzię | ||
| Dative | -aję | -oję | |
| Locative | -aso | -ojacho | |
| Ablative | -asto | -ojasto | |
| Instrumental | -ało | -ojało | |
| Vocative | -aso | -a | |
Examples:
| Singular | Plural | |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative | ma | ma |
| Accusative | ||
| Genitive | moję | madzię |
| Dative | maję | moję |
| Locative | maso | mojacho |
| Ablative | masto | mojasto |
| Instrumental | mało | mojało |
| Vocative | maso | ma |
This group is caused by loss of -j- between two adjacent vowels. However, loss -b-, -d-, and -g- also triggered it and caused somewhat irregular forms (jała : loc. pl. jałodzacho "elm"). Such forms will explained in Cernelian/Irregular nominals.
