Cernelian/Sound changes
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Proto-Finnic to Proto-Balto-Slavic parallel (early Proto-Cernelian)
- Secondary stress becomes the primary stress, and the old stress lost
- Proto-Finnic *ármastàdak → Early Proto-Cernelian *armastā́ˀ → Late Proto-Cernelian *ormostà → Modern Cernelian romosta "to love"
- The secondary stress is expected from non-final odd-numbered syllables
- *h-, *-h, and *-k become early Proto-Cernelian glottalized acute -ˀ (final *-h caused lengthening of the preceding vowel)
- *habukka → *áuˀka → *ùko → uko "hawk"
- *hameh → *áˀmē → *ámě → amie "shirt"
- *raha → *ráˀa → *rȏ → ro "money"
- Intervocalic *-b-, *-d-, and *-g- were lost except before front vowels
- *jalaga → *jálā → *jě̏la → jała "elm"
- *jabat → *jā → *jě̏ → je "oars"
- Proto-Finnic front vowels *e, *ö, *ü → *e, *e, *i
- *räüstäs → *rèistes → *rȅjьste → rzejście
- This development also followed by fronting of *o after front vowels to *ö
- *näko → alternate *näkö → *néke → *nȅče → niecze
- Proto-Finnic *c → *s
- *ükci → *iˀsi → *jь̀sь → iś "one"
- Proto-Finnic short *o → *a, but *oo → *ō
- *ilo → *íla → *jьlõ → iłó "joy"