User:Bukkia/sandbox

Slevian is a costructed language, created to be related to the Slavic languages' family.

Differently from most Slavic languages, but similar to Bulgarian and Macedonian languages, it losts all the original cases, and developed a definite and indefinite article (but set before its substantive). Differently from Bulgarian and Macedonian it has a semplified verbal system.

It is written with the Latin Alphabet, but can be adapted to the Cyrillic one.

Phonology

Vowels

Slevian has a reduced vocalic system, with only six vowels:

	Front	Near-front	Central	Near-back	Back
Close	i   ɨ u ɛ ɔ      a
Close-mid
Mid
Open-mid
Near-open
Open

Consonants

	Bilabial	Labio- dental	Dental	Alveolar	Post- alveolar	Palatal	Velar
Plosive	p b		t d				k ɡ
Nasal	m	ɱ	n			ɲ
Vibrant			r
Fricative		f v		s z	ʃ ʒ
Affricate				ʦ	ʧ
Approximant						j	ɰ
Lateral approximant			l

Alphabet

IPA consonant	Latin
/p/	p
/b/	b
/t/	t
/d/	d
/k/	k
/g/	g
/m/	m
/n/	n
/ʦ/	c
/ʧ/	č
/ʒ/	ž
/f/	f
/v/	v
/s/	s
/z/	z
/ʃ/	š
/r/	r
/j/	j
/ɰ/	u
/l/	l

Š, ž, č, s, z, l, j are called soft consonants and they tend to modify the use of the morphological endings.

IPA vowel	Latin
/i/	i
/ɨ/	y
/u/	u
/ɛ/	e
/a/	a
/ɔ/	o

Morphology

Slevian has a semplified morphology, in contrast with other Slavic languages.

Substantives

Substantives have three genres (masculine, feminine and neuter) and two numbers (singular and 'plural)

Number

Substantives form their plural by modifying their endings oder by adding a new one:

• If they end with normal consonants, they add -y
• If they end with -š, -ž, -č, -s, -z, -l, -j (called soft consonants): they add -i
• If they end with -a, -e, -u: they drop these vowels and add -y
• If -a, -e, -u, are preceded by a soft consonant, they add -i instead of -y.
• If they end with -o: they drop it and add -a
• If they end with -ja, -je: they drop them and add -ji

Gender

Slevian substantives can be masculine, feminine or neuter.

• If the substantive ends with a consonant, it is masculine
• If it ends with -a, it is feminine
• If it ends with -o, it is neuter
• If it ends with -e, it can be feminine or neuter:

• Normal consonant + -e, it is neuter
• Soft consonant + -e, it is feminine

The plural substantive have no genre.

Articles

Slevian developed a system of articles, differently from the other Slavic languages, and similar to Bulgarian and Macedonian, but it places its articles before the substantives, as in English and contrary to the two Slavic languages:

bgcolor="#E0E0FF"	Articles
Masculine	Ton
Feminine	Ta
Neuter	To
Plural	Ti

Adjectives

Adjectives act like substantives, they take the same endings of case and number. Adjectives in attributive function are placed always before their substantives. Only past participles (which are adjectives) can be placed after the substantive.

There is no article at all.

Adverbs

Adverbs derived from adjectives are built by adding to adjectives’ base form the adverbial ending: -õkša/õkše/õkšo,-õкша/õкше/õкшо

Locative adverbs

Lišĕč locative adverbs have a particular feature, which makes them different from the other languages‘ adverbs: they decline. They take the same locative endings of substantives, to indicate what kind of movement or statement they express, according to the locative system, explained in the table above. For example:

Sinaan/Синаан has the unspecified meaning of there, but its role can be specified by adding the locative endings:

With the elative ending, Sinaankaňa/Синаанкања, it specifies its meaning in from there inside

With the adessive ending, Sinaanđyna/Синаанћына, it specifies its meaning in there (statement) near.

And so the other locative adverbs decline.