Senjecas derived postpositions

Pronunciation table

p	b	f	v	m̃	m			t	d	þ	ð	ɫ	l			ṡ	ż	s	z	r	n			k	g	x	ƣ	h	ȝ			š	s̨			i	e	a	ǫ	o	u			ĭ	ĕ	ŭ
/p/	/b/	/ɸ/	/β/	/m̥/	/m/			/t/	/d/	/θ/	/ð/	/l̥/	/l/			/ʦ/	/ʣ/	/s/	/z/	/ɾ̥/	/n/			/k/	/g/	/ç/	/ʝ/	/j̊/	/j/			/sʷ/	/sʲ/			/i/	/e/	/ä/	/ɒ/	/o/	/u/			/ɪ/	/ɛ/	/ʊ/

Derived Postpositions

Litorian	Denotation	English	Examples
altéua < te̋ua, t.v. pay attention to	paying no attention to	regardless of	mu dagőm altéua a̋ta: I am going regardless of the consequences.
dása < da̋sa, t.v. govern	on the authority of	by	k̨uðdı̋slu daslűs dása őnom e-e̋ma: The coast guard seized the cargo on the authority of the governor.
déla < de̋la, t.v. refer to	reference	with reference to, as to	mu tu-meta̋s déla kı̋rom sa̋a̋ra ne: As to your question, I don’t know the answer.
déxa < de̋xa, t.v. obtain, acquire	in order to obtain or acquire	for	tu sade̋mom do toolőm déxa a̋tu ma̋ƣame: Can you go to the store for some eggs?
ðééa < ðe̋e̋a, t.v. put, place	in place of, replacement or preference	for, instead of, in lieu of, rather than	e̋rlus erőm ðééa fa̋lonĕ ne̋udu e-ke̋la: The rowers had to use boards for oars. m̃us ǧom̃ős ðééa dorős kíma þe̋som e̋da: Instead of beef we had lamb for supper. vőőƣlu i-voogős éna k̨ortemős ðéé' abe̋lon e-ne̋uda: The baker used apples rather than pears in this cake.
éba < e̋ba, t.v. befall, bechance	eventuality	in case of, against	m̃u' suum̃ős éba beƣős éna u-sa̋ra: In case of rain, we'll have the party in the barn. nu' sűűm̃' aha̋s éba dőþom a̋uka: They are saving money against a rainy day.
éȝa < e̋ȝa, t.v. entrust	in the charge of	in charge of, with	nu le̋e̋mon műűlu éȝa vűűa: She is in charge of planting the vegetables. mu piinős éȝa dı̋slum e-te̋m̃a I left the guard with the money.
éra < e̋ra, t.v. take advantage of, benefit	on behalf of, for the benefit, sake, or interest of someone	for	m̃us leudős éra íðu vűűa: We are here for the people.
éta < étu, adv. also, too, as well, likewise	addition	as well as, besides, in addition to, with	sausm̃evős éta šemőutom toƣe̋ȝa: Please bring your swimming suit as well as your towel. da̋mu e̋fu maama̋s éta eȝús o mǫ̋ǫ̋ru e̋sa: Besides a mother, he has an invalid older sister to support. éȝu xirős éta mőrem e-sa̋a: He bought the horse with the saddle.
fára < fa̋ri, adj. ready	in preparation for	for	mu-taƣős fára bűtu ke̋la: I must pack for my trip.
fésa < fe̋si, adj. earlier, prior	before in time	before, previous to	leuðm̃e̋ƣo naaża̋s fésa vı̋da: The bus leaves before noon.
f̨óþa < f̨őþo, light	able to see by some light	by, in	pa̋a̋vo zeere̋s f̨óþa nĭna̋k̨o e-ı̋la: By the light of the moon the road became more visible.
góþa < gőþa, t.v. make similar, resemble	similarity or likeness	like, similar to	tu-eðdőka mu-eðdoka̋s góþa e̋sa: Your recipe is like/similar to mine. tu voutős góþa nűmon e-ża̋a̋da: You spread out the heavens like a tent.
íla < ı̋la, i.v. become	change from one form into another	into	ga̋a̋lem e-le̋ża: m̃enantűm íla éȝem e-űűra: He gathered air. He crafted it into loving beings:
ı́za < ı̋za, t.v. descend, go down	descent from	down from	da̋rlu korős ı́za re̋nantu e-főőla: The workman fell climbing down from the roof.
ȝéta < ȝe̋ta, t.v. have to do with, relate to	relating to someone or something	toward, in relation to	tu-űtos eȝús ȝéta xos vűűa:What are your feelings toward him?
ȝóba < ȝőba, t.v. approach, draw near	proximity	near, about, by, next to, on, close to, against	mı̋ı̋nlu leðős éna eherős ȝóba nomős éna e-m̃e̋e̋sa: The fisherman lived in a home by/on the lake in the valley. be̋ƣo m̃eesős ȝóba e̋sa: tu ta̋sen ve̋nu ma̋ƣa: The barn is close to the house. You can hear the animals. sa̋mu m̃eesős ȝóba m̃e̋ƣom e-ṡűra: The shaman parked the wagon against the house.
ȝúa < ȝűi, adj. inside; interior	interiority	inside, within	kűno nı̋ı̋go vőm̃aþo abelős ȝúa e-vűűa: Inside each baked apple was a walnut. mőres sa̋ko riȝős ȝúa dőraþes ı̋la ne: Horses are not permitted within the holy city.
kéésa < ke̋e̋sa, t.v. while (away)	from a past time	since	mu hesdila̋s kéésa éȝum żĭże̋e̋na: I have known her since last year.
kía < kı̋a, t.v. work, do	agency	by	éȝu taata̋s kía ka̋a̋daþu e-ı̋la: He was killed by his father.
kíma < kı̋ma, t.v. intend	intention	for	mu dorős kíma m̃e̋inom u-sa̋a: I will buy the wine for the dinner.
kúȝa < kűȝa, t.v. thank	gratitude	thanks to	eȝu-dooős kúȝa mu-e̋dom sa̋u e-ma̋ƣa: Thanks to his donation, I was able to buy my food.
láába < la̋a̋ba, i.v. hang down loosely	hanging down from	on	abe̋los haiṡı̋m láába a̋la: Apples grow on trees.
með- < me̋ði, adj. middle	the middle	the exact meaning is determined by the postposition to which it is prefixed	ne̋sku terős meðéna e-ṡűrak̬' e-ɫı̋ı̋gak̬e: The girl stood in the middle of the room and cried. éȝu pósu lőukomĕ méðdo e-re̋e̋sa: Then she ran to the middle of the field.
méṡa < me̋ṡa, t.v. lie alongside	in a parallel direction	along, alongside of	ve̋e̋ðlus fűrom þáfa paavős méṡa e-ne̋da: The hunters walked along the road through the forest. na̋a̋ȝe mumĕ méṡa saxm̃e̋e̋som do őra a̋tam e-re̋e̋sa: The dog ran alongside me all the way to the tavern.
méta < métu, adv. at the same time	at the same time	at the same time as	éȝu mús méta he̋lem e-na̋ka: She saw the lightning at the same time as me.
méþa < me̋þa, t.v. center, focus	center	in the center of	m̃ú' se̋rom méþa na̋nan ðeee̋ȝa: Let’s put the flowers in the center of the table.
móóda < mőőda, means, method	manner, method, way by which something is done	with, by means of, through, in	raaðta̋s móóda ȝűmum nı̋ı̋xe: Serve God with gladness.
m̃ása< m̃a̋si, adj. left	to or on the side of a person or thing toward the north when facing the rising sun	on-, to-, -the left	be̋ku eȝu-taata̋s m̃ása e-ṡűra: The young man stood to the left of his father. sőþlu ha̋iṡim m̃ása e-re̋e̋sa: The soldier ran to the left of the tree.
néra < ne̋ri, adj. under	at or to a lower level than something else literally or figuratively	behind, below, beneath, under(neath)	re̋e̋slu þ̨axős néra la̋kom e-ȝa̋fa: The runner broke his leg below the knee. fa̋ṡo sűðo ka̋l' o-niivrős néra bűþa: Beneath that stern visage beats a kindly heart. zǫ̋ðlu m̃eesős n̨erős néra eȝu-goolƣa̋vom e-ðőőva: The farmer buried his treasure under(neath) the floor of his house.
nóóla < nőőla, size	to the extent of	by	n̨a̋ro pe̋n bı̋n nóóla me̋a: The picture measures 5 by 8. éȝu þűn ṡidős nóóla tĭt̨a̋a̋ru efű' sóma vűűa: He is shorter than his older sister by one inch.
nóma < nőmo, home	to or at the home of someone	to-, at-, -the home of	m̃us riineȝűs nóma tum u-pa̋na: We will meet you at the home of the mayor. ȝŭȝűűnus riine̋ȝum nóma e-re̋e̋sa: The younger ones ran to the home of the mayor.
n̨áxa < n̨a̋xa, t.v. defy	disregard for	despite, in spite of, for, in face of, notwithstanding	be̋ku gaudős eȝu-egős n̨áxa e-ve̋e̋da: The young man went hunting despite his lack of experience. a-sőþlu sóólvi þűn be̋som űðu n̨áxa dűbu da̋a̋rlu vűűa: That soldier is a good worker for having only one arm.
n̨óópa < n̨őőpo, front	in a position forward of	in front of, before, ahead of, against, in advance of	va̋mlu tozdemős n̨óópa e-ṡűra: The priest stood in front of the church. ṡiṡűs nı̋zo éȝum n̨óópa e-me̋m̃a da éȝum e-tűga: The child’s shadow advanced before/ahead of him and frightened him. m̃us żı̋mo posnákaþős n̨óóp' alkénvi na̋non e-na̋ka: We saw the flowers easily against the dark background.
óita < őito, oath	taking of an oath	by, in the name of	mu ȝuműs óita éȝom kı̋u ma̋ƣa: By God, I can do it.
péga < pe̋go, side	position at or movement towards the side of	at-, to-, -the side of	me̋vlus mevsárterős péga e-se̋da: The dancers sat at the side of the ballroom. ṡı̋ṡus leida̋ulom péga e-re̋e̋sa: The children ran to the side of the playground.
réiða < re̋iða, t.v. drive, ride	a means of conveyance	by	soorta̋ƣlus reðnős réiða noiivda̋rom do e-a̋ta: The pilgrims went by wagon to the shrine.
ríza < rı̋za, t.v. prop, support	support	in-, -support-, -favor-, -of	le̋udu reeƣűs tolős ríza vűűa: The people are in favor of the king’s decree.
sépa < se̋pa, t.v. treat (of), concern	reference or interest	concerning, about	pe̋rlu saarkős áfa vőőuraþo doþős sépa néxom e-sa̋a̋ra: The ferryman knew nothing concerning/about the money stolen from the treasury.
sóma < sőma, t.v. liken, compare	comparison	compared to, than	sa hesdila̋' sóma tı̋ı̋þa le̋e̋ta e-e̋sa ne: Compared to last year, this was not a hot summer. mőre mĭme̋że m̃ake̋' sóma e̋sa: A horse is bigger than a cow.
súna < sűna, t.v. accompany	accompaniment in time or space	with, in company with, along with	m̃u-pőikus őra sı̋xam eȝu-orpűm súna e-le̋ida: Our sons played with their cousins all afternoon. ṡ̨őƣlu tı̋r eepűm súna sade̋mom e-ka̋da: The trader in company with three associates robbed the store. ii-asűru ɫiirlűm súna e-gaaȝa̋sa: The princess began to sing along with the minstrels.
šéða < še̋ða, t.v. characterize	possessing a special characteristic	characteristic of, with	mu-ta̋a̋ta miiṡő' šéða m̃ı̋ru e̋sa: My father is the man with the moustache.
šóóða < šőőða, t.v. pass-, go-, -through	from one side of an opening to another	through	éȝu tűngom šóóða þűslum e-ȝe̋e̋a: He threw the hammer through the window.
ṡóta < ṡőta, t.v. straddle, bestraddle, bestride	position on both sides of	astraddle, astride	hűsu turős ṡóta e-se̋da: The boy perched astraddle the fence. lűmlu eȝu-paame̋s ṡóta e-se̋da: The wizard sat astride his dragon.
ṡ̨óga < ṡ̨őga, t.v. exchange	in exchange for, literally or figuratively	(in-, -exchange-, -return-,) -for	tu-ǧiiȝa̋s ṡ̨óga re̋e̋se: Run for your life! mu tu-l̨omős ṡ̨óga tús o tı̋r abe̋lon u-dőőa: I will give you three apples for your bow.
tááda < ta̋a̋da, t.v. do on purpose	purpose	for, in order to	m̃us m̃ite̋ra siiga̋s tááda ka̋ltam le̋mu e-pe̋ra: We tried to break down the problem for further study.
táɫa < ta̋ɫi, adj. right(-hand)	to or on the side of a person or thing toward the south when facing the rising sun:	on-, to-, -the right of	ii-asűru eȝu-taata̋s reeƣűs táɫa e-se̋da: The princess sat to the right of her father the king.
tára < ta̋ra, t.v. cross	motion from one side to the other	across, on the other side of, over	ii-ba̋nlus vőgom tára ṡŭṡ̬őko ðeeős éna e-m̃a̋a̋ða: The washerwomen waded across the stream at its shallowest part. tú terős tára se̋dom ðeee̋ȝa: Please put the chair on the other side of the room. se̋haþu ṡa̋þmus þőlom tára e-vűga: The defeated troops fled over the bridge.
túȝa < tűȝa, t.v. consider	with respect or regard to	in/with regard to, with respect to, regarding, as regards, about, with, on, for, in	mu tu-miþős túȝa ṡúm̃vi u-kı̋ı̋ra: In/with regard to your letter, I will answer tomorrow. mu tu-m̃ida̋s túȝa ṡa̋a̋ma: With respect to your knowledge, I disagree. mu—ȝa tu-kőzu tanɠőno dooős túȝa u-se̋ba—ne̋sa: I am sure your wife will be pleased with this mother-of-pearl gift. ruunȝara̋s túȝa áulmuþı̋ȝu The Committee on Orthography (tú) i-sim̃ős túȝa bŭbőőko ne̋e̋tom ne̋ude: For this stitch, use a heavier thread. mu-dőxlu nomvagős túȝa mum e-re̋e̋ga: My teacher helped me with my homework. marvőőurlu þűn t̬alős túȝa re̋e̋mu e-e̋sa: The pirate was blind in one eye.
þála < þa̋la, t.v. honor, award	honor	in honor of	éȝus ka̋a̋daþu asurűs þála þőlom e-fe̋e̋ta: They named the bridge in honor of the murdered prince.
þééxa < þe̋e̋xa, t.v. rest-, be based-, -on	foundation or dependence	based-, depending-, -on	m̃us eȝu-kiirős þééxa da̋rom u-se̋e̋ra: Depending on his response, we will continue the work.
þifápa < þı̋fi, adj. distant; a̋pi, adv. away	at a far distance	far away from	m̃us i-ǧarőm þifápa m̃e̋e̋sa: We live far away from these mountains.
þóla < þőlo, bridge	at or to the two sides of a place or thing	on both sides of	ṡı̋mżo daae̋s þóla e-e̋sa: The town was on both sides of the river.
þóósa < þőősa, t.v. oppose, face	opposition	in opposition to, in contact with, against, contrary to, into, on, opposed to, opposite, up, with	vı̋smu őőðlus a̋a̋to ṡűrkom þóósa e̋ru e-ke̋la: The desperate fugitives had to row against the swift current. mu vĭva̋a̋da mu-meda̋s þóósa som kı̋a: I do this against/contrary to my better judgment. mőőm̃aþu da̋a̋rlu da̋rim þóósa e-re̋e̋sa: The dazed workman ran into the tree. ðűűnom þóósa ȝűðo ṡum̃a̋s kíma pe̋e̋kaþo e-ı̋la: The attack on the castle was planned for tomorrow. rı̋ı̋rus asurű' sőtu þóósa e-vűűa: The citizens were opposed to the prince’s going to war. ża̋vlu a̋a̋þem ża̋bu tááda gooldarős þóósa da̋rim e-re̋na: The onlooker climbed the tree opposite the store to look at the fire. pűűmus m̃e̋e̋em þóósa na̋a̋m̃om na̋a̋m̃u e-ke̋la: The explorers had to sail the boat up wind. eȝu-ȝorűs þóósa ṡa̋tantu e-a̋ha: He spent the day fighting with his younger brother.
úfa < űfa, t.v. face, look out on	in a position with the front toward the object	facing	alta̋a̋bu ṡı̋ṡu godős úfa e-ṡűra: The disobedient child stood facing the wall.
úpa < űpi, adj. upper, higher	to or at a higher level than something else literally or figuratively	above, over	mı̋mlu niimős úpa ve̋e̋mom e-ƣa̋va: The knight held the sword above his head. ga̋s' ehe̋rom úpa e-k̬iilpe̋ta: The osprey hovered over the lake.
vóóa < vőői, adj. both	encirclement or in or to various directions or locations	about, on all sides of, all about, around	főőd̬o m̃aat̨őno se̋dos ketős vóóa e-vűűa: About/On all sides of/All about the living room were twelve wooden chairs. sevta̋ƣlus íþsada̋rom vóóa e-ma̋la. The tourists wandered about/around the meat market. sőtu asűru eȝu-ðuunős vóóa fa̋dom e-de̋ma: The warlike prince built a wall around his castle.
xéma < xe̋ma, tool	instrumentality	with, by means of	þorna̋m̃lu siimlős xéma ðűrom lűru e-ma̋ƣa: By means of a knife the policeman was able to open the door. vaala̋a̋gu eȝu-vaalős xéma n̨e̋tum e-ka̋a̋da: The swordsman killed the enemy with his sword.