Senjecas 1.3 Water
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Pronunciation table
| p | b | f | v | m̃ | m | t | d | þ | ð | ɫ | l | ṡ | ż | s | z | r | n | k | g | x | ƣ | h | ȝ | š | s̨ | i | e | a | ǫ | o | u | ĭ | ĕ | ŭ | ||||||||||||
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| /p/ | /b/ | /ɸ/ | /β/ | /m̥/ | /m/ | /t/ | /d/ | /θ/ | /ð/ | /l̥/ | /l/ | /ʦ/ | /ʣ/ | /s/ | /z/ | /ɾ̥/ | /n/ | /k/ | /g/ | /ç/ | /ʝ/ | /j̊/ | /j/ | /sʷ/ | /sʲ/ | /i/ | /e/ | /ä/ | /ɒ/ | /o/ | /u/ | /ɪ/ | /ɛ/ | /ʊ/ |
1.3 Water
- a. What general words refer to water?
- water, flowing - a̋a̋me
- water, still - hűro
- moisture - la̋to
- b. What words describe something that belongs to the water or is found in water?
- watery, aquatic - hűrni
- amphibious - vooǧı̋ı̋i
- c. What words describe something that water cannot pass through?
- waterproof - hurs̨őőmi
- watertight - hurše̋nti
1.3.1 Bodies of water
- a. What general words refer to a body of water?
- body of water - hura̋a̋ra
- hydrosphere - v̌eetős hűros [< v̌e̋e̋to, world]
- b. What words describe something belonging to the water?
- marine - ma̋rm̃i
- oceanic - tı̋ı̋rtĕm̃i
- riverine - da̋a̋m̃i
1.3.1.1 Ocean, Lake
- a. What words refer to bodies of standing water of different sizes?
- ocean - tı̋ı̋rte
- sea - ma̋re
- lake - ehe̋ro
- pond - la̋xm̃o
- pool, puddle - te̋þo
- wallow - lite̋þo [< lı̋o, mud]
- b. What words refer to a man-made lake?
- reservoir - ða̋po
- catchment - lava̋a̋ro [< la̋va, catch; a̋a̋ro, area]
- c. What are the parts of bodies of water?
- surface - pı̋nto
- bottom - tűűfo
- abyssal depths - k̬ara̋mo ṡa̋los
- abyssal plain - k̬ara̋mo le̋po
- thermal layer - tı̋ı̋þo le̋ƣo
- seamount - marǧa̋ro
- continental shelf - v̌ééþnemða̋no [< v̌e̋e̋to, world; nemo, part; ða̋no, shelf]
- shallows - ṡ̬őkos
- the depths - ṡa̋los
- the deep - ṡa̋lo
- open sea - a̋a̋re ma̋re
- d. What words refer to the study of the ocean?
- oceanography - tiirtĕsa̋a̋r̈a
1.3.1.2 Swamp
- a. What words refer to shallow bodies of standing water with plants growing in them?
- swamp, swampland, quagmire - la̋a̋mo
- wetland - maan̈a̋a̋lo [< ma̋a̋ni, wet; na̋a̋lo, land]
- marsh, marshland, fen, bog, morass, bayou - kűþo
- delta - dááoousı̋ȝo [< da̋a̋e, river; őőuso, mouth; -ı̋ȝo, collective suffix]
- estuary - őőuso
- b. What words describe an area that is a swamp?
- swampy - la̋a̋mi
- marshy, boggy - kűþi
- c. What words refer to moving through a swamp?
- get bogged down - kűþaþi ı̋la
- sink - ðűűpa
1.3.1.3 River
- a. What words refer to rivers of different sizes?
- river - da̋a̋e
- stream - vőge
- creek, brook - hı̋be
- rill, rivulet - lega̋ne
- b. What words refer to a river when it has a lot of water?
- flood, freshet, surge, deluge - lı̋ı̋mo
- torrent - ṡarsa̋a̋ko
- flash flood - ka̋to lı̋ı̋mo
- c. What words refer to a river overflowing its banks?
- overflow its banks - a̋fron þ̨a̋la
- d. What words refer to two rivers coming together?
- branch, fork - ṡa̋xo
- confluence - daaƣe̋ðo [< da̋a̋e, river; ƣe̋ða, connect]
- tributary - paaþga̋ve [< pa̋a̋ta, feed; ga̋ve, watercourse]
- e. What words refer to a part of a river that is steep?
- waterfall, falls, cascade - ȝűko
- cataract - ȝűxżo [< -ż-, augmentative suffix]
- rapids - kősko
- spillway - demȝűko [< de̋ma, construct]
- race - móldemga̋ve [< molde̋mo mill; ga̋ve, watercourse]
- f. What are the parts of a river?
- source, head - tődo
- headwaters - daaitűro [< da̋a̋e, river; itűro, source]
- mouth - őőuso
- upstream - da̋a̋em þóósa
- downstream - da̋a̋em súna
- bend - m̃a̋ðko
- whirlpool,eddy - ṡuṡűmo
- river bottom, riverbed - őrko
- narrows - martı̋ȝo
- oxbow lake - m̃éipehe̋ro [< m̃e̋ipa, meander; ehe̋ro, lake]
- g. What words refer to a river when it has no water?
- watercourse - ga̋vo
- dry riverbed - sa̋uso őrko
- wash, arroyo, wadi, gully - ere̋ko
- h. What words refer to a man-made river?
- canal - tűlo
- i. What words refer to a place to cross a river?
- bridge - þőlo
- ford - m̃a̋a̋ðo
- j. What words refer to something floating down a river or caught in it?
- flotsam - kafs̨űto [< ka̋pa, float; s̨űto, debris]
- logjam - raaþsa̋bo [< ra̋a̋to, log; sa̋bo, obstruction]
- k. What words refer to dirt, sand, and rocks washed down by a river?
- sandbar - ṡa̋a̋ȝo
- alluvium, silt - tı̋ı̋o
- l. What words refer to the area of land drained by a river?
- watershed, basin - ða̋ilo
- m. What words refer to the movement of a river?
- current - ṡűrko
- flow - da̋a̋o
1.3.1.4 Spring, well
- a. What words refer to a place where water comes out of the ground?
- spring, source, fountain, fountainhead - itűro
- water supply - hurős gőőlo
- well - nűȝo
- artesian well - uvnűȝo [< űba, push down]
- waterhole – hurdűmbo
- b. What words refer to water coming out of the ground?
- spring up - ı̋ta
- well up - mőőþa
- bubble up - bőőula
- flow out of - úúda da̋a̋a
1.3.1.5 Island, shore
- a. What words refer to the land in contrast to the sea?
- land - na̋a̋l|o. -i, terrestrial
- dry land - sa̋uso na̋a̋lo
- mainland - ṡűrna̋a̋lo [< ṡűri, fixed]
- continent - v̌eeþne̋mo [< v̌e̋e̋þo, world; ne̋mo, part]
- inland, interior - ȝuna̋a̋lo
- b. What words refer to an island?
- island - dı̋mo
- isle, islet, key - dı̋mko
- archipelago - dimı̋ȝo [< -ı̋ȝo, collective suffix]
- atoll – áándimbűko [< a̋a̋no, ring; dı̋mo, island; bűko, chain]
- c. What words are used of the edge of a lake or sea?
- (sea)shore, beach, coast, strand - k̨űdo
- coastland, seaboard - k̨uðna̋a̋lo
- shoreline, coastline - k̨uðtűbo [< tűbo, edge]
- foreshore - untĕk̨űdo [< űnto, tide]
- d. What words refer to a bay?
- bay, gulf - xe̋bo
- cove - xe̋vko
- fjord -tiixe̋bo [< tı̋ȝi, narrow; xe̋bo, bay].
- harbor, port - xa̋po
- inlet - tı̋ro [< tı̋ra, enter]
- lagoon - k̨údehe̋ro [< k̨űdo, shore; ehe̋ro, lake]
- sound, strait - martı̋ȝo [< ma̋re, sea; tı̋ȝi, narrow]
- e. What words refer to a peninsula?
- peninsula - sı̋ro
- promontory, headland - sairna̋a̋lo [< sa̋iro, projection]
- f. What words are used of the edge of a river?
- bank, riverbank - a̋fro
- g. What words describe something near water?
- seaside - martűbo [< tűbo, edge]
- lakeside - éhertűbo [< tűbo, edge]
- h. What words refer to a place where the water is shallow?
- shallows, shoal - tena̋go
1.3.2 Movement of water
- a. What words refer to water moving into something?
- fill - pe̋e̋la
- flow (into), run (into) - (éna) da̋a̋a
- infuse - engűűsa
- b. What words refer to water coming out of something?
- bleed - se̋e̋ga
- burst - re̋uga
- exude, outflow - uuðda̋a̋a [< úúda, out of; da̋a̋a, flow]
- drain - m̃a̋a̋na
- gush, spout - pőőla
- issue - la̋a̋pa
- pour - gűűsa
- run - da̋a̋a
- drip, dribble - se̋iba
- ooze - mőőura
- percolate, seep - m̃őura
- squirt, blow - ṡı̋ƣa
- sweat - še̋ida
- vomit, spew - m̃e̋ma
- tap - pa̋usa
- c. What words refer to water breaking into drops?
- splash, spray - űṡa
- d. What words refer to water forming bubbles?
- bubble - bőőula
- foam, froth, whip - ȝe̋sa
1.3.2.1 Flow
- a. What words refer to water moving over a surface?
- flow, run, stream - da̋a̋a
- current - ṡűrko
- rise - t̬e̋na
- fall - pı̋na
- flood, surge - lı̋ı̋ma
- overflow - þ̨a̋la
- wind, meander - m̃e̋ipa
- erode - ƣe̋na
- split - pőőza
- merge - ka̋þa
- roil - me̋iża
- torrent - ṡarsa̋a̋ko
- trickle - m̃őura
- effluence - uuðda̋a̋ra
- spread - ɠa̋a̋ra
- permeate - þafka̋þa
- b. What words refer to water moving in a river?
- flow - da̋a̋o
- current - ṡűrko
- whirlpool - ṡuṡűmo
- c. What words refer to water washing away dirt?
- erode - ƣe̋na
- wash away - ṡőőla
- silt, silt up - tı̋ı̋a
- deposit - le̋ƣa
- settle - þe̋ga
- d.What words refer to water draining out of something?
- drain, empty - m̃a̋a̋na
- bleed - se̋e̋ga
- discharge - uuðda̋a̋a
- draw off - tűda
- leak - le̋ga
- ooze - mőőura
- strain - va̋a̋ra
1.3.2.2 Pour
- a. What words refer to water coming out of something?
- pour - gűűsa
- flow - da̋a̋a
- drip - se̋iba
- leak - le̋ga
- ooze - mőőura
- gush - pőőla
- spurt - sűda
- squirt - ṡı̋ƣa
- b. What words refer to pouring water out of a container?
- pour, decant - gűűsa
- tip - le̋na
- sprinkle - ƥűsa
- empty - m̃a̋a̋na
- spill - gűűsa
- c. What words refer to putting water on something?
- water - aamı̋d̨a
- add water - hűrom m̃őőga
- d. What words refer to putting drops of water on something?
- sprinkle, drizzle - ƥűsa
- splash, spray, spatter, splatter - űṡo
- squirt - ṡı̋ƣa
- e. What words refer to putting lots of water on something?
- pour (out) - gűűsa
- empty - m̃a̋a̋na
- dump (out) - pa̋usa
- douse - ǧe̋sa
- drench - ƣoma̋a̋na [< ƣo-, intensive prefix]
- pump - ðe̋ma
- e. What words refer to putting water on something accidentally?
- spill - gűűsa
- f. What words refer to putting water into something?
- inject - ṡı̋ƣa
1.3.2.3 Drip
- a. What is a drop of water called?
- drop - fe̋þo
- droplet - fe̋þko
- drip - se̋ivko
- b. What do drops of water do?
- drip - se̋iba
- fall to the ground - ta̋lem do főőla
- splash on - éna űṡo
- hit - tűűga
- splatter - űṡo
- sprinkle - ƥűsa
- c. What is a steady dripping called?
- dripping - se̋ibu
- steady drip - ṡűro se̋ibo
1.3.2.4 Wave
- a. What types of waves are there?
- wave, billow - kűűmo
- ripple - me̋rƣo
- swell - lı̋ı̋mo
- breaker - lemkűűmo
- surf - kuumle̋mo
- tidal wave, bore - untĕkűűmo [< űnto, tide]
- tsunami, tidal wave - gaƣkűűmo [< ga̋gu, giant]
- b. What are the parts of a wave?
- crest - biska̋ro
- trough - ka̋m̃ko
- curl - b̨űdo
- foam - ȝe̋so
- c. What words describe the movement of a wave?
- surge - lı̋ı̋ma
- move - ȝa̋a̋a
- undertow - nerda̋bo [< da̋ba, pull]
- toss - ȝe̋e̋a
- d. What do waves do when they hit the shore?
- hit the shore - k̨űdom tűűga
- break on - éna ȝa̋fa
- break against - þóósa ȝa̋fa
- break over - úpa ȝa̋fa
- crash against - þóósa tűűga
- crash down on - éna n̨atűűga
- lap against - þóósa se̋ua
- e. What words describe a wave getting bigger?
- swell - lı̋ı̋ma
- mount up, pile up - gűma
- curl - b̨űda
- f. What do waves do to things?
- wash up on shore - ḳűdom éna ne̋xa
- wash out to sea - ma̋rem éna őȝa
- wash away - őȝa
- erode, wear away - ƣe̋na
- lift - e̋e̋ga
- rise and fall with the waves - kuumőm súna re̋nak̬e főőlak̬e
- rock - la̋a̋la
- g. What do people do with waves?
- surf, ride the waves - kűűmon na̋a̋m̃a [< na̋a̋m̃a, sail]
- surfboard - kuumfa̋lo [< fa̋lo, board]
- dive under - néra ðűűpa
- h. What sounds do waves make?
- crash - tűűgo
- roar - re̋e̋to
- thunder - tőno
- slap - ða̋a̋vo
1.3.2.5 Calm, rough
- a. What words describe the surface of the water when it is calm?
- calm, tranquil, still - k̬ı̋ı̋li
- becalmed - k̬iile̋ȝaþi
- quiet - sa̋a̋mi
- peaceful - mı̋ı̋r̈i
- hardly a ripple - áru me̋rƣo
- glassy - ve̋ðni
- stagnant - ṡı̋ri
- b. What words describe the surface of the water when it is rough?
- rough (seas), choppy - ȝe̋użi
- storm-tossed (sea) - ðuuȝe̋e̋aþi
- raging (sea) - ra̋vi
- seethe - n̨űda
- c. What words describe the flow of a river when it is slow?
- slow moving, sluggish - ǧǫ̋di
- smooth stretch - le̋im̃o pűlo
- d. What words describe the flow of a river when it is fast?
- fast-flowing - osda̋a̋anti
- white-water, rapids - kősko
- raging rapids - ra̋vo kősko
- rough water - ȝe̋uże a̋a̋m̃e
- e. What words refer to making water rough?
- agitate - m̃ı̋þa
- churn - k̨őőra
- stir - ka̋ƣa
- whip - ȝe̋sa
1.3.2.6 Tide
- a. What words refer to the tide?
- tide - űnto
- flood- ,rising-, -tide - se̋mo
- ebb-, low-, -tide - xa̋ro
- storm tide - ðuuűnto
- high tide - se̋mżo
- the tide is in/out – űnto se̋maþo/xa̋raþo vűűa
- neap tide - xa̋rżo [< -ż-, augmentative suffix]
- b. What does the tide do?
- rise - t̬e̋na
- fall, ebb - pı̋na
- come in - se̋ma
- go out - xa̋ra
- c. What words refer to the area along the shore that the tide covers?
- tidal flat - untĕle̋e̋po
1.3.3 Wet
- a. What words describe something that is wet?
- wet - ma̋a̋na
- dank - soila̋ti [< sőȝi, cold; la̋ti, wet]
- watery - hűri
- aqueous - hűrni
- sludgy - lı̋i
- slushy - s̨űngi
- sloppy - la̋a̋rgi
- sweaty - še̋idi
- b. What words describe something that is very wet?
- soaked, soaking wet, wringing wet, sodden, soggy - n̨űri
- awash - lı̋imaþi
- dripping - se̋ibanti
- saturated, drenched, waterlogged - ƣoma̋a̋naþi
- be swimming in – éna še̋ma
- doused - ðűűpaþi
- c. What words describe something that is slightly wet?
- moist, damp, clammy - la̋ti
- dewy - rősi
- d. What words describe the ground when it is wet?
- muddy - lı̋i
- boggy, marshy - kűþi
- swampy - la̋a̋mi
- e. What words describe the air when there is water in it?
- humid, moist, muggy, tropical - la̋ti
- steamy - műsi
- f. What words describe plants when there is water in them?
- green - ða̋li
- juicy - sűli
- succulent - ƣosűli
- g. What words refer to something becoming wet?
- get wet - ma̋a̋na
- get soaked - tűvaþi ı̋la
- bedew - rosı̋d̨a
- h. What words refer to making something wet?
- wet - maanı̋d̨a
- splash, spatter, dabble - űṡa
- anoint - ma̋ża
- daub - me̋za
- douse - ðűűpa
- spatter, spray - űṡa
- sprinkle - ƥűsa
- i. What words refer to making something very wet?
- soak - tűva
- drench, saturate - ƣoma̋a̋na
- flood, swamp, deluge - lı̋ı̋ma
- j. What words refer to making something slightly wet?
- dampen, moisten - la̋ta
- lick - la̋pa
- k. What words refer to something soaking up water?
- absorb, blot, soak up - s̨űfa
- mop up - m̃őta
- wipe up - tűda
- l. What words describe something that can soak up water?
- absorbent - s̨űf̨i
- porous - lűrki
1.3.4 Dry
- a. What words describe something that is dry?
- dry, sere - sa̋usi
- dried (up), desiccated - sa̋usaþi
- dehydrated - hurőȝaþi [< hűro, water; őȝa, remove]
- parched, arid - ǧa̋li
- waterless - fŭhűri
- evaporated - ð̬e̋e̋kaþi
- withered - m̃ı̋ı̋ti
- b. What words describe the ground when it is dry?
- dry - sa̋usi
- dusty - ðűűm̃i
- thirsty - a̋a̋di
- c. What words describe the air when there is no water in it?
- dry - sa̋usi
- d. What words refer to something becoming dry?
- dry, dry out, dry up, desiccate - sa̋usa
- dehydrate - hurőȝo [< hűro, water; őȝa, remove]
- shrivel, wither - m̃ı̋ı̋ta
- evaporate - ð̬e̋e̋ka
- e. What words refer to making something dry?
- dry something (off) - sausı̋d̨a
- sear - őőla
- parch - ǧalı̋d̨a
- f. What words refer to removing water from something?
- drain - m̃a̋a̋nı̋d̨a
- strain - va̋a̋ra
- wring out - ṡı̋ba
- squeeze out - ðe̋uƣa
- g. What tools are used to remove water from things?
- sieve - va̋a̋rlo
- press - ðe̋uƣlo
1.3.5 Be in water
- a. What words refer to being in water?
- be in water - aam̃e̋s/hurős éna vűűa [< a̋a̋m̃e, flowing water; hűro, standing water]
- b. What words refer to something floating on the surface of the water?
- float, drift - ka̋pa
- float down river – daaem/vőgem n̨a ka̋pa [< da̋a̋em, river; vőgem, stream]
- afloat, bouyant - ka̋pi
- c. What words refer to being under the water?
- immersed, submerged, sunken - ðűűpaþi
- undersea, submarine - ma̋rem/mare̋s néra
- underwater - hűrom/hurős néra
- d. What words refer to putting something in water?
- dip, immerse, dunk, plunge, submerge - ðűűpa
- baptize - ðeesðűűpa
- e. What words refer to putting something like food in water for a long time?
- soak - tűva
- marinate - t̨aaþtűva [< t̨a̋a̋ta, flavor]
- f. What words refer to something falling or sinking into water?
- fall - főőla
- sink - ðűűpa
- settle - þe̋ga
- g. What sound does something make when it falls into water?
- splash - pas
- plop - bǫp
1.3.6 Water quality
- a. What words describe salt water versus fresh water?
- freshwater - ša̋a̋do hűro [< ša̋a̋do, sweet]
- saltwater - sa̋lo hűro
- seawater - marhűro
- saline solution - sa̋lo ðe̋żo
- brackish - leɫsa̋li [< le̋ɫi, slight]
- b. What words describe water for drinking?
- drinking water - pooihűro
- potable - pőőȝi
- c. What words describe clean water?
- clean - ṡűvi
- clear - ȝe̋xi
- pure - pőugi
- crystal clear - h̬alȝe̋xi
- d. What words describe dirty water?
- contaminated - ba̋þaþi
- dirty - ṡűűði
- muddy - lı̋i
- silt-filled - tı̋ı̋ri
- murky - ðe̋e̋mi
- stagnant - ṡı̋ri
- scum - ṡuuðȝe̋so
- e. What words are used of cleaning water?
- clean up - ṡűva
- filter, strain- va̋a̋ra
- boil - n̨űda
- let settle - þege̋ȝa
- f. What words are used of polluting water?
- pollute, contaminate - ba̋þa
1.3.7 Solutions of water
- a. What words refer to mixing something with water?
- solution - ðe̋żo
- mix with water - hurős éta ka̋þa
- b. What words refer to a substance dissolving in water?
- dissolve - ðe̋ża
- c. What words refer to adding more water to a solution?
- dilute, add water, water down, thin - a̋a̋ma
- be diluted - a̋a̋maþi vűűa
- d. What words refer to adding more of a substance to the solution?
- concentrate - pűṡa
- be concentrated - pűṡaþi vűűa
- thick - ȝűűþi
- e. What words refer to adding air or a gas to water?
- aerate - gaalı̋d̨a
- f. What words refer to water flowing through something and dissolving something in it?
- leach - le̋ga
