Senjecas 1.2.1 Land
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Pronunciation table
| p | b | f | v | m̃ | m | t | d | þ | ð | ɫ | l | ṡ | ż | s | z | r | n | k | g | x | ƣ | h | ȝ | š | s̨ | i | e | a | ǫ | o | u | ĭ | ĕ | ŭ | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| /p/ | /b/ | /ɸ/ | /β/ | /m̥/ | /m/ | /t/ | /d/ | /θ/ | /ð/ | /l̥/ | /l/ | /ʦ/ | /ʣ/ | /s/ | /z/ | /ɾ̥/ | /n/ | /k/ | /g/ | /ç/ | /ʝ/ | /j̊/ | /j/ | /sʷ/ | /sʲ/ | /i/ | /e/ | /ä/ | /ɒ/ | /o/ | /u/ | /ɪ/ | /ɛ/ | /ʊ/ |
Note
- Words in red indicate objects or concepts not known in Sefdaania.
1.2.1 Land
- a. What words refer to the land in contrast to the sea?
- (dry) land - sa̋uso na̋a̋lo
- mainland - ufna̋a̋lo [< űpi, adj. main]
- continent - v̌eeþne̋mo [< v̌e̋e̋to, earth; ne̋mo, part]
- inland, interior - ȝuna̋a̋lo [< ȝűi, adj. inside]
- b. What is the earth called in distinction to heaven or the sky?
- earth - v̌e̋e̋to
- ground - ta̋le
- c. What words refer to the ground we stand on?
- ground - ta̋le
- d. What general words refer to the type of land in an area?
- topography - ðeega̋no [< ðeeo, location; ga̋na, t.v. describe]
- feature - zı̋no
- landscape - naalűfo [< űfa, t.v. look out on]
- terrain - kolpőno
- e. What words refer to how high the land is?
- altitude - gőxta
- sea level - margőxta [< mare, sea]
- f. What words refer to the surface of the earth?
- surface - pı̋nto
- crust - v̌eeþkőðo [< kőðo, crust]
- lithosphere - taainle̋ƣo [< ta̋a̋ino, stone; le̋ƣo, layer]
1.2.1.1 Mountain
- a. What types of mountains are there?
- mountain, mount - ǧa̋ro
- mountain range - moonı̋ȝo
- hill - ra̋ȝo; rolling hills - nı̋nanto ~s
- volcano - aaþǧa̋ro [< a̋a̋þe, fire]
- moor - pa̋a̋rto
- height - őőnto
- highland – oon̈a̋a̋lo
- upland - raina̋a̋lo
- mound - e̋e̋go
- b. What words refer to a mountain with a flat top?
- butte - lefra̋ȝo
- plateau, oonle̋po
- mesa, serǧa̋ro [< se̋ro, table]
- c. What words describe land that has many mountains?
- mountainous - ǧa̋r̈i
- hilly - ra̋iri
- d. What words refer to the top of a mountain?
- top, summit, peak, pinnacle - ṡı̋mo
- e. What words refer to the side of a mountain?
- face - n̨őőpo
- mountainside - ǧarpe̋go [< pe̋go, side]
- hillside - raipe̋go
- mountain slope - b̨őso
- shoulder - oműro
- foothill(s) - peðra̋ȝo(s) [< pe̋do, foot]
- saddle - xı̋ro
- f. What words refer to a steep place on a mountain?
- cliff, crag, bluff - fa̋a̋ko
- escarpment - piðfa̋a̋ko [< pı̋di, long]
- ridge - ƣoore̋to
- precipice - m̃a̋ngo
- brow - tűbo [< tűbo, edge]
- ledge - ða̋no [< ða̋no, shelf]
- g. What words describe how steep a mountain is?
- steep - m̃a̋ngi
- gentle - re̋nm̃i
- contour - tuvra̋to [< tűbo, edge; ra̋to, line]
- gradient - le̋no
- h. What words refer to the bottom of a mountain?
- foot, bottom - tűűfo
- i. What words refer to rocks at the bottom of a mountain?
- moraine - taaingűmo [< ta̋a̋ino, rock; gűmo, pile]
- talus - b̨óstaaingűmo [< b̨őso, slope]
- j. What words refer to when part of a mountain falls?
- landslide, avalanche - ža̋m̃o
- k. What do people do to mountains?
- climb - re̋na
- cross - da̋a̋pa
- l. What words refer to a place you can travel through the mountains?
- pass - da̋a̋po
- tunnel - tűlo
1.2.1.2 Volcano
- a. What words refer to a volcano?
- volcano - aaþǧa̋ro [< a̋a̋þe, fire]
- b. What are the parts of a volcano?
- cone - őido
- cinder cone - ṡoogőido [< ṡőőgo, ash(es)]
- core of a volcano - mőzgo
- crater - ðűmbo
- lava flow - dáátaainda̋a̋o [< da̋a̋o, flow]
- c. What do volcanoes do?
- erupt, explode - na̋ba
- spew (gas/lava/ash) - m̃e̋ma
- bury things (under lava/ash) - ðőőva
- smoke - műűxa
- d. What do volcanoes produce?
- lava – daata̋a̋ino
- volcanic ash - ááþǧarṡőőgo
- cloud of ash - ṡoogne̋vo [< ne̋vo, cloud]
- ash flow - ṡoogda̋a̋o
- pyroclastic flow - aaþǧárṡoogda̋a̋o
- volcanic cinder - aaþǧársenðőro [< senðőro, cinder]
- volcanic glass (obsidian) - ááþǧarve̋do [< ve̋do]
- pumice - ȝesta̋a̋ino
- e. What words refer to whether a volcano is erupting or not?
- active - kı̋i
- dormant - še̋pi
- extinct - ǧe̋saþi [< ǧe̋sa, extinguish]
1.2.1.3 Plain, plateau
- a. What words refer to land that is flat?
- plain - le̋po
- prairie, heath, grassland, veldt, pampas, campo, moor - pa̋a̋rto
- steppe - keba̋ro
- savanna, llano - tiiþpa̋a̋rto [< tı̋ı̋þi, hot]
- tundra - ȝeƣta̋lo [< ȝe̋go, ice; ta̋lo, earth]
- field, meadow, park - lőuko
- pasture - le̋sm̃o
- mountain pasture - mőro
- lowland(s) - la̋mto
- b. What words describe land that is flat?
- flat, level, even - le̋pi
- c. What words describe a place that is not very flat?
- uneven - al̤e̋pi [< al-, privative prefix]
- depression - ðűmbo
- basin - peelőm̃o
- rut - e̋ilo
- rutted - e̋ilmi
1.2.1.4 Valley
- a. What types of valleys are there?
- valley, vale, dale, glen, canyon - le̋ðo
- ravine, chasm, gorge, gully, gulch, rift - ka̋m̃to
- wadi - ȝeera̋a̋mo
- b. What words describe valleys?
- narrow - t̨ı̋ȝi
- broad - la̋fi
- deep - ṡa̋li
1.2.1.5 Underground
- a. What words refer to the area under the surface of the earth?
- underground, subsoil - nerta̋lo
- abyss - k̬ara̋mo
- bedrock - taainþe̋e̋xo [< þe̋e̋xo, base]
- core - mőzgo
- mantle - tálṡelı̋ṡo [< ṡelı̋ṡo, mantle]
- stratum - le̋ƣo [< le̋ƣo, layer]
- b. What words refer to natural holes in the ground?
- hole - ȝa̋mo
- cave, cavern - fa̋go
- grotto - fa̋ƣko
- opening - lűro [< lűra, t.v. open]
- crack, crevice, cleft, fissure, gap, rift - fı̋so
- crater, depression, hollow, cavity, dip - ðűmbo
- channel - tűlo
- chasm, ravine, gorge - ka̋m̃to
- cranny - fı̋sko
- crevasse - fı̋sżo
- mud hole - te̋þo
- pit - xa̋no
- sinkhole - taainȝa̋mo
- mouth of a cave - faƣtı̋ro [< tı̋ro, entrance]
- c. What words refer to man-made holes in the ground?
- conduit, culvert, shaft, tunnel - tűlo
- ditch, trench - ȝa̋a̋mo
- foxhole - soþȝa̋mo [< sőto, war]
- mine - gűűpo
- rut - reþle̋iso [< re̋þo, wheel; le̋iso, track]
- trough - ka̋m̃ko
- well - nűȝo
- d. What words refer to a hole made by an animal?
- burrow - rı̋ƣo
- den, lair - ṡı̋to
- foxhole - puxṡı̋to
- e. What words refer to water under the ground?
- aquifer, underground river - nértalda̋a̋o
1.2.1.6 Forest, grassland, desert
- a. What words refer to the types of plants that grow in an area?
- ecosystem - ǧiiȝta̋go [< ǧı̋ı̋ȝa, life; ta̋go, system]
- vegetation - mųlı̋ȝo [< műűlo plant; -ı̋ȝo, collective suffix]
- b. What words refer to a forest or group of trees?
- forest, woods, woodland - fűro
- rain forest, jungle - suum̃fűro [< sűűm̃e, rain]
- grove - nemőso
- thicket, brake - bűsko
- taiga - kuðȝa̋ṡo [< kűða, north; ȝa̋ṡo, pine forest]
- orchard - tőőpo
- c. What are the parts of a forest?
- forest canopy - furűngo [< űngo, canopy]
- forest floor - furbe̋ho [< be̋ho, floor]
- underbrush - nerbűsko
- undergrowth - nerta̋a̋lo
- edge of the forest - furtűbo
- deep in the forest - furṡa̋li
- backwoods - nĭterfűro
- timberland - mirna̋a̋lo [< mı̋ro, timber; na̋a̋lo, land]
- d. What words refer to a place in a forest where there are no trees?
- meadow, clearing - lőuko
- e. What words refer to land covered by grass or bushes?
- heath, grassland, prairie,pampas, campo, veldt, moor - pa̋a̋rto
%%**savannah, llano - tiiþpa̋a̋rto
- steppe - keba̋ro
- tundra - ȝeƣta̋lo
- bush - gűpo
- bushland, brush, scrubland - gufda̋ro
- f. What words refer to land where many plants grow?
- lush, dense, thick - łe̋ni
- overgrown - ufta̋a̋li
- g. What words refer to land where very few plants grow?
- desert, wasteland - m̃a̋a̋sto
- oasis - siim̃ðűmbo
- h. What words refer to land where no people live?
- wilderness, hinterland, outback - agűlo
- uninhabited - vĭm̃eesoőni
- frontier - m̃uita̋ima
1.2.1.7 Earthquake
- a. What words refer to earthquakes?
- earthquake - talrı̋ro
- quake, tremor, temblor - rı̋ro
- shock - ?
- seismic - talrı̋ri
- upheaval - e̋e̋ga
- b. What do earthquakes do?
- rock (house/ground) - t̬e̋ȝa
- shake (house/ground) - ðe̋la
- crack (ground) - fı̋sa
- knock down (things) - n̨aþőka
- cause (buildings) to collapse - vire̋ȝa
- (ground) splits - sőxa
- (earth) shifts - ȝűta
- c. Where do earthquakes occur?
- earthquake fault - ȝa̋fo
- fault line - ȝafra̋to
- epicenter - ufme̋þo
- d. What words refer to a large wave caused by an earthquake?
- tidal wave, tsunami - gaƣda̋a̋lo
