Senjecas 1.1.3 Weather
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Pronunciation table
| p | b | f | v | m̃ | m | t | d | þ | ð | ɫ | l | ṡ | ż | s | z | r | n | k | g | x | ƣ | h | ȝ | š | s̨ | i | e | a | ǫ | o | u | ĭ | ĕ | ŭ | ||||||||||||
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| /p/ | /b/ | /ɸ/ | /β/ | /m̥/ | /m/ | /t/ | /d/ | /θ/ | /ð/ | /l̥/ | /l/ | /ʦ/ | /ʣ/ | /s/ | /z/ | /ɾ̥/ | /n/ | /k/ | /g/ | /ç/ | /ʝ/ | /j̊/ | /j/ | /sʷ/ | /sʲ/ | /i/ | /e/ | /ä/ | /ɒ/ | /o/ | /u/ | /ɪ/ | /ɛ/ | /ʊ/ |
Note
- Words in red indicate objects or concepts not known in Sefdaania.
1.1.3 Weather
- a. What words refer to the weather?
- weather - la̋þo
- weather conditions - laþṡűros
- atmospheric conditions. - gáálaarṡűros
- b. What words describe the weather when it is good?
- sunny - sűűli
- sunshine - suulf̨őþa
- clear, fair (weather), fine (day) - ȝe̋xi
- good (weather) - me̋e̋ƣo
- c. What words describe the weather when it is getting better?
- clear, clear up - ȝe̋xa
- sun comes out - ka̋ȝa
- d. What words describe the weather when it is bad?
- bad, foul, inclement, rough - ðűűi
- severe - ka̋li
- e. What words describe the weather when it is getting worse?
- cloud up - ne̋va
- f. What words describe the weather when it changes?
- cold front - sőȝo laþtűbo [< tűbo, edge]
- warm front - te̋po laþtűbo [< tűbo, edge]
- storm front – ðűűo laþtűbo [< tűbo, edge]
- g. What words describe the weather when it stays the same?
- stretch of good weather – me̋e̋ƣo laþtubős dı̋ı̋ta [< dı̋ı̋ta, period]
- h. What words are used to describe any kind of weather?
- in any kind of weather - k̬enı̋mo laþtubős éna
- i. What words describe the temperature?
- temperature - tiiþme̋o
- hot - tı̋ı̋þi
- heat - tı̋ı̋þo
- warm, mild - te̋pi
- cold, chilly, crisp - sőȝi
- unseasonably warm/cold - álȝeerðűvi te̋pi/sőȝi
- scorching - őőlanti
- heat wave - tiiþdı̋ı̋ta [< dı̋ı̋ta, period]
- cold spell, cold snap - kaþsőita [< ka̋ti, adj. sudden; sőita, coldness]
- frigid - ȝe̋gi
- freezing - űɫi
- be a chill in the air - gaalős éna sőȝo
- j. What words describe the weather when there is a lot of water in the air?
- humid, damp - la̋ti
- humidity - la̋þta
- k. What words refer to the type of weather a place normally has?
- dry/wet/cold/hot climate – sa̋usa/ma̋a̋na/sőȝa/tı̋ı̋þa latı̋ȝa [< -ı̋ȝ-, collective suffix]
- tropical - tiiþla̋ti [< tı̋ı̋þi, adj. hot; la̋ti, adj. humid]
- temperate - na̋a̋ɫi
- l. What words describe something that has been exposed to the weather for a long time?
- weather-beaten - laþde̋faþi [< de̋fa, t.v. pound]
- weathered - laþże̋e̋ri [< że̋e̋ra, i.v. age]
- m. What words refer to studying the weather?
- meteorology - laþsa̋a̋r̈a}}
- meteorologist – láþsaar̈a̋a̋gu
- weatherman - laþm̃a̋a̋þlu [< m̃a̋a̋ta, t.v. predict]
- n. What instruments are used to study the weather?
- thermometer - tiiþme̋lo [< mea, t.v. measure; -l-, verbal agent suffix]
- barometer - uvrĕme̋lo}} [< űba, t.v. press (down); -l-, verbal agent suffix]
- anemometer - m̃eeme̋lo [< mea, t.v. measure; -l-, verbal agent suffix]
- weathervane - m̃eesűűþlo [< m̃e̋e̋e, wind; sűűta, t.v. indicate; -l-, verbal agent suffix]
- windsock - meez̨őno [< z̨őno sleeve]
- o. What words refer to a report about the weather?
- weather forecast - laþm̃a̋a̋þra [< m̃a̋a̋ta, t.v. predict]
- weather report - laþȝe̋żo [< ȝe̋żo, report]
- the outlook - porna̋xra [< póru, adv. forward; na̋ka, t.v. see]
1.1.3.1 Wind
- a. What general words refer to the wind?
- wind -m̃e̋e̋e
- windy - m̃e̋e̋i
- wind current - m̃eeṡűrko [< ṡűrko, current]
- b. What words describe a wind that only lasts a short time?
- breath of air - m̃eeve̋so [< ve̋so, breath]
- puff of wind - m̃eeṡ̬e̋so [< ṡ̬e̋so, puff]
- gust - pűfo
- blast - m̃eena̋ba [< na̋ba, burst]
- c. What words describe a steady wind?
- steady wind - pa̋ge m̃e̋e̋e
- trade wind - ṡ̨oga̋s m̃e̋e̋e
- monsoon winds - ȝeersűűm̃e m̃e̋e̋es
- d. What words describe a wind that comes and goes?
- intermittent - lőmi
- gusty - pűfi
- blustery - sűűsi
- e. What words describe a strong wind?
- heavy, strong wind - m̃a̋li m̃e̋e̋e [< m̃a̋li, strong]
- squall - ðűűko
- gale - t̨aarðűűo [< t̨a̋a̋ri, short]
- stormy wind - ðuum̃me̋e̋e
- howling wind - ƣumm̃e̋e̋e [< ƣűma, i.v. howl]
- f. What words describe a light wind?
- light-, gentle-, -wind, breeze, zephyr - m̃e̋e̋ke
- breezy - m̃e̋e̋i
- draft - űmto
- g. What words describe a windstorm?
- windstorm - m̃eeðűűo
- sandstorm - lim̃ðűűo [< lı̋m̃o, sand]
- tempest - ðűűo
- tempestuous - ðűűi
- h. What words refer to a wind that moves in a circle?
- whirlwind, tornado, twister, hurricane, cyclone - sűre
- dust devil - ðuum̃sűre [< ðűűm̃o, dust]
- waterspout - hursűre [< hűro, water]
- i. What words refer to a warm or cold wind?
- chinook, sirocco, foehn - sausm̃e̋e̋e [< sa̋usi, adj. dry]
- j. What words describe when the wind begins?
- pick up, rise, freshen - ga̋a̋ma [< ga̋a̋ma, increase]
- gather, blow up - tőda [< tőda, begin]
- k. What words describe when the wind stops?
- drop, die down - de̋usa [< de̋usa, stop]
- calm, still - k̬ı̋ı̋li
- l. What words describe the direction of the wind?
- north/south/east/west wind - kűðe/lűm̃e/a̋a̋use/m̃e̋se
- wind off the ocean, ocean breeze - kana̋ke
- wind from the mountains, mountain breeze - ǧaarm̃e̋e̋e [< ǧa̋a̋ro, mountain]
- wind from the desert - m̃aastĕm̃e̋e̋e [< m̃a̋a̋sto, desert]
- updraft - anűmto [< ánu, upward]
- downdraft - n̨űmto [< n̨u, downward]
- head wind - þosm̃e̋e̋e [< þősa, t.v. oppose]
- tail wind - vaaþm̃e̋e̋e [< va̋a̋ta, t.v. push]
- cross breeze - tarm̃e̋e̋e [< ta̋ra, t.v., cross]
- windward - a̋rƣi
- leeward - teƣpe̋gi [< te̋ga, t.v. shelter; pe̋go, side]
- prevailing - va̋a̋di [< va̋a̋da, t.v. accustom]
- m. What does the wind do?
- blow - m̃e̋e̋a
- knock down (things) - n̨u þőka [< þőka, t.v. knock]
- rip-, tear-, -off - ṡı̋ı̋a [< ṡı̋ı̋a, t.v. tear up]
- bend - le̋uga
- puff out, billow out [sail] - ṡűűma
- push [boat] - va̋a̋ta
- raise [waves] - e̋e̋ga
- fan [flames] - ðűka
- push snow into drifts - m̃e̋e̋on éna tőm̃om m̃e̋e̋a [< tőm̃o, fallen snow]
- ventilate [a house] - ga̋a̋la
- n. What words describe something being blown by the wind?
- be blown by the wind - m̃eee̋s xéma m̃e̋e̋aþo ı̋la
- wind blows something - m̃e̋e̋e tííðom m̃e̋e̋a
- blow away - ápu m̃e̋e̋a
- waft on the breeze - m̃e̋e̋kem éna m̃e̋va
- flutter in the breeze - m̃eeke̋s éna zőőla
- be carried by the wind - m̃eeke̋s xéma ne̋xaþo ı̋la
- be borne along on/by the wind - m̃eeke̋s éna/xéma ne̋xaþo ı̋la
- be picked up by the wind - m̃eeke̋s xéma le̋saþo ı̋la
- o. What instruments are used to measure the direction or force of the wind?
- see 1.1.3.n above
- p. What sounds does the wind make?
- whisper - sı̋ma
- sigh - zı̋ga
- moan, howl - ƣűma
- whistle - šı̋a
- scream - kűda
- shriek - ka̋a̋m̃a
- sough - sűűsa
1.1.3.2 Cloud
- a. What words refer to a cloud?
- cloud - ne̋vo
- b. What do clouds do?
- rain - sűűm̃a
- build - ga̋a̋ma [< ga̋a̋ma, increase]
- rise - re̋na
- gather - le̋ża
- disperse - mőőxa
- billow - ṡűűma
- threaten - šı̋na
- shadow - nı̋ı̋za
- obscure - ðe̋e̋ma
- hide (the sun) - la̋a̋ða
- c. What words describe different kinds of clouds?
- storm clouds - ðuune̋vos
- rain clouds - suum̃ne̋vos
- cumulus - gumne̋vo [< gűmo, heap]
- thunderhead – ton̈e̋vo
- anvil-shaped - żirb̨őri
- nimbus - borne̋vo [< bori, adj. gray]
- fluffy - te̋fi
- cirrus - fun̈e̋vo [< fűno, feather]
- wispy - þe̋fi
- vapor trail - ȝéƣh̬alsa̋a̋go [< ȝe̋go, ice; h̬a̋lo, crystal; sa̋a̋go, trail]
- haze, mist, fog - ka̋ino
- hazy, foggy, misty - ka̋ini
- steam - műso
- vapor - ð̬e̋e̋ko
- band - e̋e̋lo
- smog - muuxka̋ino [< muuxo, smoke]
- d. What words describe how many clouds are in the sky?
- cloudy, overcast - ne̋vri
- cloud up be clouded over - ne̋va
- cloud cover - nevka̋ðo [< ka̋ða, t.v. cover]
- partly cloudy - fááivi ne̋vri [< fa̋a̋ȝa, t.v. part]
- scattered clouds - ża̋a̋daþo ne̋vos [< ża̋a̋da, t.v. scatter]
1.1.3.3 Rain
- a. What words refer to the rain?
- rain, rainfall - sűűm̃e
- precipitation - aamfőőlra [< a̋a̋me, water; főőla, i.v. fall]
- b. What does the rain do?
- rain (v.), fall - sűűm̃a
- pelt - féðvi sűűm̃e
- splatter - űṡa
- drench - ƣoma̋a̋na [< ƣo-, intensive prefix]
- water (v.) - ma̋a̋na
- c. What words describe the weather when it is raining?
- rainy - sűűm̃i
- wet - ma̋a̋ni
- d. What words refer to when the rain stops?
- stop raining - sűm̃u de̋usa
- e. What words describe how hard it is raining?
- sprinkle, drizzle - ƥűsa
- light rain, shower - le̋ɫe sűűm̃e
- pour - gűűsa
- downpour, cloudburst, deluge, hard/heavy/driving rain - musűro
- rainstorm - suum̃ðűűo
- torrent - ṡarsa̋a̋ko
- thundershower - tonsűűm̃e
- f. What words describe when it rains a lot?
- rainy season, monsoon - ȝeersűűm̃e
- g. What is a single drop of rain?
- raindrop, drop - suum̃sı̋bo
- h. What words refer to rain water on the ground?
- puddle - te̋þo
- i. What sound does the rain make?
- pitter-patter, drip drip - liplip
- drum - tűma (i.v.)
- j. What words refer to a rainbow?
- rainbow - tulı̋mo
- k. What words refer to dew?
- dew - rőso
- dewdrop - ros̈ı̋bo
- damp with dew - rosla̋ti
- l. What do people use to protect themselves from the rain?
- umbrella - nexĭnı̋ı̋zo [< ne̋x̨i, adj. portable; nı̋ı̋zo, shade]
- raincoat - akűvo
- boot - fa̋a̋þo
1.1.3.4 Snow, ice
- a. What words refer to different kinds of snow?
- frozen snow - ṡ̨a̋go
- frozen crust on snow - ke̋ro
- thin covering of snow - kı̋rmo
- falling snow – lűűfo
- soft snow - műƣro
- wet snow - m̃a̋ṡo
- snow on trees - rı̋no
- fallen snow - tőm̃o
- sastruga - tom̃rı̋ı̋no [< rı̋ı̋no, ridge]
- sleet - ȝeƣsűűm̃o
- sleety - ȝeƣsűűm̃i
- hail - ţőlo
- hailstorm - ţolðűűo
- snowstorm - sı̋go
- ice storm - ȝeƣðűűo
- blizzard -ƣosı̋go
- snow flurry - lűűfko
- b. What does the snow do?
- snow (v.) - lűűfa
- drift - m̃e̋e̋a
- cover (the ground) - ka̋ða
- blanket (v.) - da̋ka
- be snowed in - tom̃ős xéma ža̋raþo ila [< ža̋ra, t.v confine]
- c. What words refer to a piece of snow or ice?
- snowflake - luufpa̋vo
- hailstone - ţőlta̋a̋ino
- block of ice - (ȝéƣ)siima̋to [< siima̋to, block]
- ice cube - (ȝéƣ)siima̋þko
- d. What words refer to snow or ice on the ground?
- ice - ȝe̋go
- drift - tom̤̃e̋e̋o
- snowbank - tom̃rı̋ı̋no
- blanket - tom̃da̋ko
- snow cover - tom̃ka̋ðo
- dusting - tom̃ðűűm̃u
- icicle - ṡ̨a̋a̋to
- sheet of ice - ȝeƣla̋mo [< la̋ma, t.v. plate]
- iceberg - ȝeƣǧa̋ro [< ǧa̋ro, mountain]
- glacier - ȝeƣda̋a̋o [< da̋a̋a, i.v. flow]
- e. What words refer to snow on a mountain?
- snowcap - tom̃kőudo [< kőudo, cap]
- snowfield - tom̃a̋a̋ro [< a̋a̋ro, open space]
- avalanche - ža̋ṁo
- f. What words refer to frost?
- frost - sűðo
- g. What do people do with snow?
- shovel - vőða
- plow - ƣa̋na
- h. What do people make with snow?
- snowball - tom̃ge̋lo [< ge̋lo, ball]
- snowman - tom̃n̨a̋ro [< n̨a̋ru, loquent being]
- igloo - tom̤̃e̋e̋so
- i. What tools do people use with snow?
- ice axe - ȝeƣkǫ̋ǫ̋m̃lo [< kǫ̋ǫ̋m̃a, t.v. hew]
- snow shovel - tom̃vőðlo [< vőða, t.v. shovel]
- snowplow - tom̃ƣa̋nlo [< ƣa̋na, t.v. plow]
- j. What words refer to moving on snow or ice?
- ski (v.) - ša̋sa
- skis - ša̋sos
- skate (v.) - lűűża
- sled, sleigh, sledge - nőrto
- snowshoe - ta̋ƣlo
- iceskate - luuzþa̋a̋bo [< þa̋a̋bo, shoe]
- slide, slip - pı̋za
- k. What words refer to water turning into ice?
- freeze - űɫa
- ice over/up - ufȝe̋ga
- l. What words refer to snow and ice turning into water?
- melt - ta̋a̋m̃a
- melt water - taam̃hűro [< hűro, water]
- thaw - þ̨a̋ra
- (turn to) slush - ȝeƣlı̋o (ı̋la) [< lı̋o, mud; ı̋la, i.v. become]
- m. What words refer to frozen ground?
- tundra - ȝeƣta̋lo [< ta̋lo, ground]
- permafrost - ṡúrȝeƣta̋lo [< ṡűri, adj. permanent]
- n. What words describe a time when it snows?
- snowy - tőm̃i
- o. What words describe something that has snow or ice on it?
- snowy, snow-covered - tom̃ka̋ði
- icy - ȝe̋gi
- frosty – sűði
1.1.3.5 Storm
- a. What general words refer to a storm?
- storm - ðűűo
- be stormy – ðűűi vűűa
- stormy weather - ðuula̋þo
- b. What words refer to a storm starting?
- break - tőda [< tőda, begin]
- c. What words refer to a storm stopping?
- die down - de̋usa [< de̋usa, stop]
1.1.3.6 Lightning and thunder
- a. What words refer to lightning?
- lightning - he̋le
- lightning bolt, thunderbolt, lightning flash - helpa̋a̋ugo [< pa̋a̋ugo, flash]
- lightning storm - helðűűo
- b. What does lightning do?
- strike - tűűga
- flash - pa̋a̋uga
- streak - e̋e̋la
- c. What do people use to protect themselves from lightning?
- lightning rod - hel̤a̋xlo [< la̋xa, t.v. deflect]
- d. What words refer to thunder?
- thunder - tőno
- thunderstorm - tonðűűo
- thundercloud - ton̈e̋vo
- e. What words describe the sound thunder makes?
- peal, clap, crack - tűűgo
- rumble, boom, roll - ðe̋rm̃a
1.1.3.7 Flood
- a. What words refer to when the ground is covered by water?
- flood, deluge - lı̋ı̋mo
- flood, inundate - lı̋ı̋ma
- b. What words refer to a flood ending?
- recede - lőȝa
- c. What words refer to an area that is often flooded by a river?
- floodplain - liimle̋po
- d. What words refer to the material left behind by a flood?
- silt - tı̋ı̋o
1.1.3.8 Drought
- a. What words refer to a time when there is little or no rain?
- drought - fŭsuum̃dı̋ı̋ta [< fŭ-; privative prefix; sűűm̃e, rain; dı̋ı̋ta, period]
- b. What words describe the ground when there is no rain?
- dry - sa̋usi
- parched - ǧa̋li
- cracked - fı̋saþi
- dusty - ðűűm̃i
