Senjecas - sound

Pronunciation table

p	b	f	v	m̃	m			t	d	þ	ð	ɫ	l			ṡ	ż	s	z	r	n			k	g	x	ƣ	h	ȝ			š	s̨			i	e	a	ǫ	o	u			ĭ	ĕ	ŭ
/p/	/b/	/ɸ/	/β/	/m̥/	/m/			/t/	/d/	/θ/	/ð/	/l̥/	/l/			/ʦ/	/ʣ/	/s/	/z/	/ɾ̥/	/n/			/k/	/g/	/ç/	/ʝ/	/j̊/	/j/			/sʷ/	/sʲ/			/i/	/e/	/ä/	/ɒ/	/o/	/u/			/ɪ/	/ɛ/	/ʊ/

Glossing abbreviations

1s/p = first person singular/plural	V(.s/p) = vocative (singular/plural)	CAUS = causative	EQU = equative degree	INS = instrument	PST = past
2s/p = second person singular/plural	ABS = absolutive (an unmarked modifying adjective)	CONV = conversive	F = feminine	INT = intensive prefix	Q = interrogative particle
	ADV = adverb	DES = desiderative	FRQ = frequentative	M = masculine	QUOT = direct quotation
	AG = agent	DIM = diminutive	FUT = future	OCC = occupation suffix	RPRF = recent perfective
A(.s/p) = accusative (singular/plural)	AP = agent (active) participle	ELIS = elision	IMP = imperative	PP = patient (past) participle	SBJ = subjunctive
G(.s/p) = genitive (singular/plural)	AUG = augmentative	EP = epenthesis	INC = inchoative	PRF = perfect	SUP = supine
N(.s/p) = nominative (singular/plural)		ELT = elative	IND = indicative	PRV = privative prefix

Verb

• 1. ðűűpa - said of a whale diving
• Look out! The whale is sounding.
• ze̋e̋me: aƣne̋ƣe ðűűpa:

ze̋e̋m-e	aƣne̋ƣ-e	ðűűp-a
beware-IMP	whale-N.s	dive-IND

• 2. sa̋pa - ascertain, examine, try, test, probe
• When I sounded him (out), he was in favor of the sale.
• múm éȝum e-sapantűm—éȝu fa̋a̋ram e-me̋e̋ƣa:

m-úm	éȝ-um	e=sap-a-nt-űm	éȝ-u	fa̋a̋r-am	e=me̋e̋ƣ-a
1s-G	he-A.s	PST-test-IND-AP-G.s	he-N.s	sale-A.s	PST=favor-IND

• 3. me̋a - ascertain the depth of water with a device
• Mariners would sound the depth of the water with a weighted rope.
• na̋a̋m̃lus te̋laþo ðuuős xéma hurős ṡa̋ltam e-me̋a:

na̋a̋m̃-l-us	te̋l-a-þo-Ø	ðuu-ős	xéma	hur-ős	ṡa̋lt-am	e=me̋-a
sail-AG-N.s	weigh-IND-PP-ABS	rope-G.s	with	water-G.s	depth=A.s	PST=measure-IND

Noun

• 4. še̋no - sensation perceived by the ear
• I hear a pleasant sound coming from the house.
• mu m̃e̋e̋som úúda ǧe̋manto la̋ro še̋nom ve̋na:

m-u	m̃e̋e̋s-om	úúda	ǧe̋m-a-nto-Ø	la̋ro-Ø	še̋n-om	ve̋n-a
1s-N	house-A.s	out.of	come-IND-AP-ABS	pleasant-ABS	sound-A.s	hear-IND

• 5. martı̋ȝo - a long, narrow body of water between two land masses, inlet, strait
• We will cross the sound at the first light of dawn.
• m̃us vaiƣa̋s þűnta f̨oþa̋s martı̋ȝom u-ta̋ra:

m̃-us	vaiƣ-a̋s	þűnta-Ø	f̨oþ-a̋s	martı̋ȝ-om	u=ta̋r-a
1p-N	dawn-G.s	first-ABS	light-G.s	sound-A.s	FUT=cross-IND

Adjective

• 6. sa̋a̋ni - healthy
• He bought a sound horse for plowing.
• éȝu bűzu tááda sa̋a̋ne mőrem e-sa̋a:

éȝ-u	bűz-u	tááda	sa̋a̋ne-Ø	mőr-em	e=sa̋-a
he-N.s	plow-SUP	in.order	healthy-ABS	horse-A.s	PST=buy-IND

• 7. ka̋ili – safe and sound
• He came home safe and sound.
• éȝu ka̋ilu e-nőma:

éȝ-u	ka̋il-u	e=nőm-a
he-N.s	unhurt-N.s	PST-come.home-IND

• 8. ṡe̋ti - complete, solid, secure
• He fell through because the floorboards were not sound.
• éȝu šóóðvi e-főőla—hi šiirfa̋los ṡe̋tos e-vűűa ne:

éȝ-u	šóóð-vi	e=főől-a	hi	šiir-fa̋l-os	ṡe̋t-os	e=vűű-a	ne
he-N.s	through-ADV	PST=fall-IND	because	floor-board-N.p	solid-N.p	PST=be-IND	not

• 9. ƣoše̋pa - quiet and deep of sleep
• The baby slept soundly through the night.
• ba̋a̋lu la̋a̋tam e-ƣoše̋pa:

ba̋a̋l-u	la̋a̋t-am	e=ƣo=še̋p-a
baby-N.s	night-A.s	PST=INT=sleep-IND

• 10. fe̋di - heavy, laid on with force
• The champion gave his adversary a sound beating.
• ša̋inu þooslűs o fe̋do ƣotűűgom e-tűűga:

ša̋in-u	þoos-l-űs	o	fe̋do-Ø	ƣo=tűűg-om	e=tűűg-a
champion-N.s	oppose-AG-G.s	to	heavy-ABS	INT=hit-A.s	PST=hit-IND

• 11. þe̋e̋xi - founded in law, legal, valid
• The farmer has a sound title to the land.
• zǫ̋ðlu naalős túȝa þe̋e̋xo ȝőm̃om űda:

zǫ̋ð-l-u	naal-ős	túȝa	þe̋e̋xo-Ø	ȝőm̃-om	űd-a
farm-AG-N.s	land-G.s	with.respect.to	founded-ABS	law-A.s	possess-IND