Senjecas - break
From FrathWiki
Jump to navigationJump to search
Pronunciation table
| p | b | f | v | m̃ | m | t | d | þ | ð | ɫ | l | ṡ | ż | s | z | r | n | k | g | x | ƣ | h | ȝ | š | s̨ | i | e | a | ǫ | o | u | ĭ | ĕ | ŭ | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| /p/ | /b/ | /ɸ/ | /β/ | /m̥/ | /m/ | /t/ | /d/ | /θ/ | /ð/ | /l̥/ | /l/ | /ʦ/ | /ʣ/ | /s/ | /z/ | /ɾ̥/ | /n/ | /k/ | /g/ | /ç/ | /ʝ/ | /j̊/ | /j/ | /sʷ/ | /sʲ/ | /i/ | /e/ | /ä/ | /ɒ/ | /o/ | /u/ | /ɪ/ | /ɛ/ | /ʊ/ |
Glossing abbreviations
1s/p = first person singular/plural V(.s/p) = vocative (singular/plural) CAUS = causative EQU = equative degree INS = instrument Q = interrogative particle 2s/p = second person singular/plural ABS = absolutive (an unmarked modifying adjective) DES = desiderative F = feminine INT = intensive prefix QUOT = direct quotation 3p/m = third person proximal/medial ADV = adverb DIM = diminutive FRQ = frequentative M = masculine REL = relativizer 4 = fourth person AG = agent ELIS = elision FUT = future PP = patient (past) participle RPRF = recent perfective A(.s/p) = accusative (singular/plural) AP = agent (active) participle EP = epenthesis IMP = imperative PRF = perfect SBJ = subjunctive G(.s/p) = genitive (singular/plural) AUG = augmentative ELT = elative INC = inchoative PRV = privative prefix SUP = supine N(.s/p) = nominative (singular/plural) IND = indicative PST = past
Transitive
- 1. le̋ma - separate into two or more pieces
- nu gı̋ndom e-le̋ma:
- She broke the cup.
n-u gı̋nd-om e=le̋m-a 3-N.s cup-A.s PST=break-IND
- 2. le̋ma - crack or fracture under a physical strain
- hűsu ȝe̋gom éna e-pı̋za da la̋kom e-le̋ma:
- The boy slipped on the ice and broke (his) leg.
hűs-u ȝe̋g-om éna e=pı̋z-a da la̋k-om e=le̋m-a boy-N.s ice-A.s on PST=slip-IND and leg-A.s PST=break-IND
- 3. pűla - divide something into smaller units
- k̬a̋pu pĭpı̋no de̋e̋gon éna műűtom e-pűla:
- The merchant broke the bundle into smaller parcels.
k̬a̋p-u pĭ~pı̋no-Ø de̋e̋g-on éna műűt-om e=pűl-a merchant-N.s ELT~small-ABS parcel-A.p into bundle-A.s PST=divide-IND
- 4. dusre̋e̋da - crush the spirit
- gunős i-mőődo kísu kőlaþum u-dusre̋e̋da:
- This method of torture will surely break the prisoner.
gunős i=mőőd-o kísu kőlaþ-um u=dus=re̋e̋d-a torture-G.s this=method-N.s surely prisoner-A.s FUT=dis-=cheer-IND
- 5. dőma - cause to lose the will
- tu mőrem dőmu ke̋la. fési mı̋mu ma̋a̋ƣa:
- You have to break a horse before you can ride.
t-u mőr-em dőm-u ke̋l-a fési mı̋m-u ma̋a̋ƣ-a 2s-N horse-A.s break-SUP must-IND before ride-SUP be.able-IND
- 6. ðe̋ża - interrupt; destroy the continuity of; dissolve or terminate
- na̋bo sa̋a̋mom e-ðe̋ża:
- The explosion broke the silence.
na̋b-o sa̋a̋m-om e=ðe̋ż-a explosion-N.s silence-A.s PST=break-IND
- 7. lı̋ða - violate, not adhere to
- ur-su ii-nús o su-k̬e̋tom e-lı̋ða:
- He broke his promise to her.
ur=s-u ii=n-ús o su=k̬e̋t-om e=lı̋ð-a M=3-N.s F=3-G.s to his=promise-A.s PST=break-IND
- 8. m̃ine̋uda - stop, or to cause to stop, functioning properly or altogether
- tu k̨őőrlom m̃ine̋udame:
- Did you break the churn?
t-u k̨őőrl-om m̃i=ne̋ud-a=me 2s-N churn-A.s CONV=utilize-IND=Q
- 9. pa̋xa - interrupt (a fall) by inserting something so that the falling object not hit something else beneath
- nu tűngom úúda ı̋tom e-t̬ı̋ɫa. hi ne̋ri dűűsis su-főőlom e-pa̋xa:
- He survived the jump out the window because the bushes below broke his fall.
n-u tűng-om úúda ı̋t-om e=t̬ı̋ɫ-a hi ne̋ri-Ø dűűs-is su=főől-om e=pa̋x-a 3-N.s window-A.s out.of jump-A.s PST=survive-IND because below-ABS bush-N.p his=fall-A.s PST=stop-IND
Intransitive
- 1. őna - be overwhelmed with sorrow or grief
- mu-sűð' őna:
- My heart is breaking.
mu=sűð-' őn-a my=heart-ELIS be.overwhelmed.with.grief-IND
- 2. de̋usa - pass the most dangerous part of the illness
- su-ðe̋ɫo vaiƣa̋s éna e-de̋usa:
- His fever broke at dawn.
su=ðe̋ɫ-o vaiƣ-a̋s éna e=de̋us-a his=fever-N.s dawn-G.s at PST=stop-IND
- 3. vı̋ra - collapse into surf
- mu k̨űdom éna vı̋ranto da̋lo' na̋ka:
- I see waves breaking on the shore.
m-u k̨űd-om éna vı̋r-a-nto-Ø da̋l-o-' na̋k-a 1s-N shore-A.s on collapse-IND-AP-ABS wave-A.p-ELIS see-IND
4. þűka - end of a storm or spell of weather
- mu-ȝa tı̋ı̋þo i-la̋þo m̃u-taƣős fésa þuke̋ȝa-ı̋ṡa:
- I hope this hot weather breaks before our trip.
m-u ȝa tı̋ı̋þo-Ø i=la̋þ-o m̃u=taƣ-ős fésa þuk-e̋ȝa ı̋ṡ-a 1s-N REL hot-ABS this=weather-N.s our=trip-G.s before finish-SBJ hope-IND
5. żűka - interrupt or cease one's work or occupation temporarily
- m̃ú żűke: pósu náánu tőde:
- Let's (take a) break, then start again.
m̃-ú żűk-e pósu náánu tőd-e 1p-V pause-IMP then again begin-IMP
