Lortho

Lortho [loɾtʰo]
Spoken in:	Lortho
Conworld:	A planet which orbits a binary star
Total speakers:	(insufficient data)
Genealogical classification:	(Family) (Branch) (Subbranch) (Language)
Basic word order:	Verb Subject Object
Morphological type:
Morphosyntactic alignment:
Created by:
Brian Bourque	March 2017

Overview

Lortho (IPA : [loɾtʰo]) is a constructed language created by Brian Bourque in the beginning of 2003. It originally started as a prop for a strategy board game where only the script was created for aesthetics. Fast forward about 13 years and it has now evolved into a fusional/agglutinative language. The verbs are changed in conjugation; however, suffixes and prefixes are added to nouns to denote case.

Grammar

Noun Cases[1]

Lortho has nine cases:

Case	Modifier	Example	English
Nominative	-	kɑnsɑptʰɑ	forest, woods
Accusative	-mɛ	kɑnsɑptʰɑmɛ	forest (direct obj.)
Dative	-mɛlɑ	kɑnsɑptʰɑmɛlɑ	forest (indirect obj.)
Genitive	Possessive Prefix¹	nimakɑnsɑptʰɑ	our forest
Sublative	-inɑ/ɛnɑ	kɑnsɑptʰɑɪnɑ	in/into the forest
Ablative	-(ɛ)nat	kɑnsɑptʰɑnɑt	out of (from) the forest
Prolative	-dɑn	kɑnsɑptʰɑdɑn	to/towards the forest
	-dɑnɑɾ
Instructive	-lɑn	tʰomidin kɑnsɑptʰɑlɑn	I live off of the forest
Vocative	fa-	still in development

¹Genitive Case

The genitive, or possessive, case is formed by using personal prefixes to the nouns:

Person	Singular	Plural
1st person	ni-, nu-	nimɑ-, numɑ-
2nd person	lin-, lun-	nɑni-, nɑnu-
3rd person	li-, lu-, lɑ-	limi-, limu-, limɑ-

Gender and Number Agreement

There are three rules for noun-adjective-verb agreement:

1. Verbs must match number and gender of the noun.
2. Adjectives must match noun gender, but not number or grammatical case.
3. When a specific noun is counted, the noun does not take the plural since the ordinal number denotes pluralization.

Verbs

There are three major verb types: -o verbs, -t verbs, and -n verbs. Each follow a general rule for conjugation.

-o verbs

-o verbs are conjugated by subtracting the -o and adding the personal endings.

-t verbs

-t verbs are conjugated by changing the -t to -d then adding the personal endings

-n verbs

-n verbs do not change and personal endings are simply added to the verb. The exception to this rule is the verb [hɑɾlɑn] to be, which will be discussed later.

Present Tense
-o Verbs [konpʰɑɾo] to speak		-t Verbs [pʰɾɑmit] to push		-n Verbs [ʃɑɪlɑn] to sit
konpʰɑɾin, -un	-inɑn, -unɑn	pʰɾɑmidin, -un	-pʰɾɑmidinɑn, -unan	ʃɑɪlɑnin, -un	-inɑn, -unan
-ɑnːi, -ɑnːu	-ɑmin, -ɑmun	-pʰɾɑmidɑnːi, -ɑnːu	-pʰɾɑmidɑmin, -ɑmun	-ɑnːi, -ɑnːu	-ɑmin, -ɑmun
-i, -u, -ɑ	-imi, -imu, -imɑ	-pʰɾɑmidi, -u, -ɑ	-pʰɾɑmidimi, -imu, -imɑ	-i, -u, -ɑ	-imi, -imu, -imɑ