User:Masako/sandbox
noun phrases
The basic noun phrase in Kala is PREPOSITION DETERMINER NOUN DESCRIPTIVE-VERB RELATIVE-CLAUSE. Depending on context, this is fairly predominant with a few exceptions
- opinion-size-age-shape-color-origin-material-purpose Noun
ukum
| Kala | number | English | ordinal | multiple | fractional |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| na'o | 1 | one | kina'o first |
tina'o once |
- |
| ueta'o | 12 | twelve | kiueta'o twelfth |
tiueta'o twelve times |
iueta'o a twelfth |
| yauema'o yama'o |
54 | fifty four | kiyama'o fifty fourth |
tiyama'o 54 times |
iyama'o a fifty fourth |
| nyetsa'o | 106 | one hundred (and) six | kinyetsa'o 106th |
tinyetsa'o 106 times |
inyetsa'o a 106th |
| katle'o | 7000 | seven thousand | kikatle'o seven thousandth |
tikatle'o 7000 times |
ikatle'o 1/7000 |
armada
| name | insignia | promotion requirements |
notes | commands / leads |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Amiral |  |
appointed by the Comite de Amirales from eligible Brigadores | referred to as Jeneral when in command of land forces | sits on the Comite de Amirales or commands one of three fleets |
| Brigador |  |
appointed by the Comite de Amirales from eligible Capitanes | sometimes translated as Commodore | Brigada, Rejimento "brigade, regiment", 600-1000 |
| Capitan |  |
14~16 years of service | - | Batalion, Barco "battalion, ship", 300-500 |
| Comandor |  |
8 years of service | sometimes referred to as Teninte Xef (Chief Lieutenant) | Scuadron, Barceta "company, troop, battery; patrol boat, small ship", 100-300 |
| Teninte |  |
4 years of service | sometimes referred to as Sucomander (Lieutenant Commander) | Ploton "platoon", 20-50 |
| Suteninte |  |
upon graduation of 2 years of training or 4 years in an academy | - | - |
| Mestre Sarjento Xef |  |
18 years of service | most often called Xef, "Chief" | Armada, Rejimento, Bragada, Batalion, Barco |
| Mestre Sarjento |  |
14 years of service | in charge of training new recruits and officers | Scuadron, Barceta |
| Sarjento |  |
8 years of service | in charge of training new recruits | Ploton |
| Caporal |  |
4 years of service | - | Ecipo "squad, team, detachment", 5-10 |
| Caporal de Lansa |  |
2 years of service | sometimes called Lansor (Lancer), or Granador (Grenadier) | Ecipeta "fire team", 2-3 |
| Soldato Ecipor Marinor |
upon graduation from 6 months of training | - | - |
Amiral
An Amiral is appointed by the Comite de Amirales from eligible Brigadores, referred to as Jeneral when in command of land forces, sits on the Comite de Amirales or commands one of three fleets. This rank is most often only reached after 25 years or more of service.
genitive
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | nai | kai |
| 2 | tiya | tai |
| 3 | ai | mai |
hangul
However, Hangul is the primary script for Kala and is used in this grammar description, therefore, what follows is a cursory explanation of how Hangul is adapted for Kala.
Han Moya
Han Moya is an adaptation of Hangul for writing Kala. It is written horizontally, in lines running from left to right. It can also be written vertically in columns.
Consonants
- ㄱㄲㄴㄷㄸㄹㅁㅂㅃㅅㅆㅇㅈㅉㅊㅋㅌㅍㅎ
- k nk n t nt l m p mp s ns a ts nts ts` k` tl p` h
- /k~g ᵑk~ⁿg n t~d ⁿt~ⁿd l~ɾ m p~b ᵐp~ᵐb s~ʃ ⁿs~ⁿʃ - ts~t͡ʃ ⁿts~ⁿt͡ʃ tsʰ~t͡ʃʰ kʰ t͡ɬ~tl pʰ h~ɦ/
The adaptations of doubled consonants are used word initially to indicate prenasalization. Medial occurrences of nasalized syllables are written across syllables.
Vowels
- ㅏ ᅶ ㅐ ㅑ ᅸ ㅓ ㅕ ㅗ ㅛ ㅜ ㅟ ㅠ ㅡ ㅣ
- a ao ai ya yao e ye o ao yo ua uai ue u i
- /a~a: aʊ̯ aɪ̯ ja~ʲa: jaʊ̯~ʲaʊ̯ e~ɛ je~ʲɛ o~o: jo~ʲo: wa~ʷa: waɪ̯~ʷaɪ̯ we~ʷe: u~u: i~ɪ/
- ㅘ This is pronounced /we/ in Korean because of the order of the vowels; however, because obsolete jamo are difficult to type and look junky as images, in Kala, this is used for /aʊ̯/ when typing. It is rarely seen due to the diphthong itself being uncommon.
tense
| present | past | future | |
|---|---|---|---|
| simple | -e | -i | -o |
| perfect | -le | -li | -lo |
| obligatory | -se | -so | |
| immediate | -ib | ||
| possible | -go |
format
- 므그
- /muːˈkʊ/
- muku
- knife; blade; weapon; arms
- "sword"
evidentiality
| Example | Translation | Evidential |
|---|---|---|
| hi·dawʔaƛwa·d | "I hear he found it" | -wa·t, hearsay |
| pu·pu·q̓adʔi | "he's blowing a whistle" | -q̓adi, auditory |
| č̓apaccaqil | "It looks like a canoe" | -caqił, uncertain visual evidence, as trying to make out something at a distance |
| haʔuk̓aƛpi·dic | "I see you ate" | -pi·t, inference from physical evidence |
| dudu·k̓aƛx̌a·š | "He's probably singing" | -x̌a·-š, inferred probability |
nkalu
| Agent | Patient | Reflexive | Possessive | Reciprocal | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1sg | na I |
ena me |
na'i myself |
nayo my; mine |
|
| 2sg | ta you (thou) |
eta you |
ta'i yourself |
tayo your(s) |
|
| 3sg | ha he/she |
eha him/her |
ha'i himself/herself |
hayo his/her(s) |
|
| 4sg | tla it/one |
etla it |
tla'i itself/oneself |
tlayo its/one's |
|
| 1pl 1pl EXCL |
nam we na'am we (not you) |
enam ena'am |
nami na'ami |
namyo na'amyo |
nanku na'anku |
| 2pl | tam | etam | tami | tamyo | tanku |
| 3pl | kam | ekam | kami | kamyo | kanku |
| 4pl | tlam | etlam | tlami | tlamyo | tlanku |
