Proto-Uralic/D

Std PU *d₁

‌*ə-stem nominals (8+2)

‌*ëd₁ə 'year', *ed₁ə 'front', *käwd₁ə 'rope', *kud₁ɜ 'morning', *nüd₁ə 'shaft', *o(w)d₁əm(ə) 'tent', *pid₁ə 'long', ? *śüdₓə 'coal', *täwd₁ə 'full'
EU *sad₁ə 'band' (or *sad₁a- 'to bind'?)
(*śod₁ə 'duck'? cf. below)

‌*A-stem verbs (3+2)

? *lewd₁ä- 'to find', *śad₁a- '(to) rut', *śad₁a- 'to rain';
FP *kud₁a- 'to weave', WU *ńid₁ä- 'to tie'

‌*A-stem nominals ← suffixed? (2)

• *ped₁pä 'shoulder' (← *ped₁ə-päŋə 'X-head'??)
• *śod₁ka 'duck' (or *śod₁ə, WU *śod₁ə-ka?)
• *kod₁wa 'time; to stay a night' (*kod₁-wa ← *kod₁V-?)

Other cases (4)

‌*ad₁ə- 'to sleep', #läpd₁ä 'spleen', *pad₁aw 'dam, weir', *śɜd₁äm(ə) 'heart', *wɜd₁ɜm(ə) 'marrow'

Questionable

• #wäd₁ä 'large animal' (probably *wedä 'cow' vs. *wälä 'draft animal')
• S *kiðë ~ Mo *keďəj 'spring' (may be *d₂)
• ES *mōjðē ~ Sk #maćće 'woods' (better *d₂ anyway)
• F *nejtej ~ P *nɨl 'girl' (or in parallel from PU *näjə)
• F *nowta- 'to fetch' ~ OU #ńoogəl- 'to follow' (or in parallel from PU *ńoxə-)
• Fi. pudas ~ OU #pasəl ~ Ne. *pārād 'river branch'
• Mo *sud ~ P *sool 'bark'

Proto-Samic cases without an etymology

• A-verbs: ? *kopðō- 'to float', *nāðō- 'to be quiet, stubborn'
• A-nominals: keaðkē 'rock', ? *lūvðō 'leather cover for a cradle', *noaðē 'burden', *peaðŋēs 'foothold in ski', *soaðēs 'stick'
• ə-verbs: *pēðkë- 'to break (itr.)', *sāðë- 'to pant'

<--

PU *-d₂-

• pud₂a- 'to hit, break'-->

Std PU *-t-

For comparision.

A-stem nominals (5+2)	A-stem verbs (4)
*kota 'hut', *nojta 'shaman', *pata 'pot', #rïta 'trap', *śë/ata '100' (← II)	*itä- 'to appear', *pitä- 'to hold', #sïto- 'to bind' *wetä- 'to pull' (← *wexə-tä-?)
ə-stem nominals (6+1)	ə-stem verbs (0+1)
*jEtə 'evening', *kätə 'hand', *kütə 'middle', *metə 'honey' (← IE), *sëtə 'axle', *wetə 'water'	MaP *jatə- 'to ask'
unclear nominals (2)
#nataw 'younger in-law', PKh *rAtɜ 'fog'