Senjecas - break

Pronunciation table

p	b	f	v	ƿ	m			t	d	þ	ð	ł	l			c	ƶ	s	z	r	n			k	g	x	ᵹ	h	ȝ			š	ṡ			i	e	a	ɔ	o	u			ı	ɛ	y
/p/	/b/	/ɸ/	/β/	/m̊/	/m/			/t/	/d/	/θ/	/ð/	/l̥/	/l/			/ʦ/	/ʣ/	/s/	/z/	/ɾ̥/	/n/			/k/	/g/	/ç/	/ʝ/	/j̊/	/j/			/sʷ/	/sʲ/			/i/	/e/	/ä/	/ɒ/	/o/	/u/			/ɪ/	/ɛ/	/ʊ/

Transitive

• 1. le̋ma - separate into two or more pieces

nu gı̋ndom e-le̋ma:

She broke the cup.

n-u	gı̋nd-om	e=le̋m-a
3-NOM.SG	cup-ACC.SG	PST=break-IND

• 2. le̋ma - crack or fracture under a physical strain

hűsu ȝe̋gom éna e-pı̋za da la̋kom e-le̋ma:

The boy slipped on the ice and broke his leg.

hűs-u	ȝe̋g-om	éna	e=pı̋z-a	da	la̋k-om	e=le̋m-a
boy-NOM.SG	ice-ACC.SG	on	PST=slip-IND	and	leg-ACC.SG	PST=break-IND

• 3. pűla - divide something into smaller units

k̬a̋pu pıpı̋no dę̋gon éna mų̋tom e-pűla:

The merchant broke the bundle into smaller parcels.

k̬a̋p-u	pı~pı̋no-Ø	dę̋g-on	éna	mų̋t-om	e=pűl-a
merchant-NOM.SG	COMP~small-ABS	parcel-ACC.PL	into	bundle-ACC.SG	PST=divide-IND

• 4. dusrę̋da - crush the spirit

gunős i-mǫ̋do kísu kőlaþum u-dusrę̋da:

This method of torture will surely break the prisoner.

gunős	i=mǫ̋d-o	kísu	kőlaþ-um	u=dus=rę̋d-a
torture-GEN.SG	this=method-NOM.SG	surely	prisoner-ACC.SG	FUT=dus=cheer-IND

• 5. dőma - cause to lose the will

tu mőrem dőmu ke̋la. ṅópa mı̋mu mą̋ᵹa:

You have to break a horse before you can ride.

t-u	mőr-em	dőm-u	ke̋l-a	ṅópi	mı̋m-u	mą̋ᵹ-a
2s-NOM	horse-ACC.SG	break-SUP	must-IND	before	ride-SUP	be.able-IND

• 6. ðe̋ƶa - interrupt; destroy the continuity of; dissolve or terminate

na̋bo są̋mom e-ðe̋ƶa:

The explosion broke the silence.

na̋b-o	są̋m-om	e=ðe̋ƶ-a
explosion-NOM.SG	silence-ACC.SG	PST=break-IND

• 7. lı̋ða - violate, not adhere to

ur-nu į-þús o nu-k̬e̋tom e-lı̋ða:

He broke his promise to her.

ur=n-u	į=þ-ús	o	nu=k̬e̋t-om	e=lı̋ð-a
MALE=3-NOM.SG	FEM=4-GEN.SG	to	his=promise-ACC.SG	PST=break-IND

• 8. ƿine̋uda - stop, or to cause to stop, functioning properly or altogether

tu ḳǫ̋rlom ƿine̋udame:

Did you break the churn?

t-u	ḳǫ̋rl-om	ƿi=ne̋ud-a=me
2s-NOM	churn-ACC.SG	CONV=utilize-IND=Q

• 9. pa̋xa - interrupt (a fall) by inserting something so that the falling object not hit something else beneath

nu tűngom ų́da ı̋tom e-t̬ı̋ła. hi ne̋ri dų̋sis nu-fǫ̋lom e- pa̋xa:

He survived the jump out the window because the bushes below broke his fall.

n-u	tűng-om	ų́da	ı̋t-om	e=t̬ı̋ł-a	hi	ne̋ri-Ø	dų̋s-is	nu=fǫ̋l-om	e=pa̋x-a
3-NOM.SG	window-ACC.SG	out.of	jump-ACC.SG	PS=survive-IND	because	below-ABS	bush-NOM.PL	his=fall-ACC.SG	PST=stop-IND

Intransitive

• 1. őna - be overwhelmed with sorrow or grief

mu-sűð' őna:

My heart is breaking.

mu=sűð-'	őn-a
my=heart-ELIS	be.overwhelmed.with.grief-IND

• 2. de̋usa - pass the most dangerous part of the illness

nu-ðe̋ło vaiᵹa̋s éna e-de̋usa:

His fever broke at dawn.

nu=ðe̋ł-o	vaiᵹ-a̋s	éna	e=de̋us-a
his=fever-NOM.SG	dawn-GEN.SG	at	PST=stop-IND

• 3. vı̋ra - collapse into surf

mu ḳűdom éna vı̋ranto da̋lo' na̋ka:

I see waves breaking on the shore.

m-u	ḳűd-om	éna	vı̋r-a-nto-Ø	da̋l-o-'	na̋k-a
1s-NOM	shore-ACC.SG	on	collapse-IND-AP-ABS	wave-ACC.PL-ELIS	see-IND

• 4. þűka - end of a storm or spell of weather

mu tei tı̨̋þo i-la̋þom ƿu-taᵹős fésa þűk' ı̋ca:

I hope this hot weather breaks before our trip.

m-u	tei	tı̨̋þo-Ø	i=la̋þ-om	ƿu=taᵹ-ős	fésa	þűk-'	ı̋c-a
1s-NOM	REL	hot-ABS	this=weather-ACC.SG	our=trip-GEN.SG	before	finish-ELIS	hope-IND

• 5. ƶűka - interrupt or cease one's work or occupation temporarily

ƿú ƶűke: pósu ną́nu tőde:

Let's (take a) break, then start again.

ƿ-ú	ƶűk-e	pósu	ną́nu	tőd-e
1p.-VOC	pause-IMP	then	again	begin-IMP