Ilya

• See also: Ilya dictionary
• See also: Ilya phrases

• á é í ó ú

sounds

• q - /ʔ/
• sh - /ʃ/
• y - /j/

verbs

tenses

Verbs have two tenses indicated by conjugation, past (-esh) and nonpast (-Ø). The semantic difference between present and future is not indicated by means of conjugation. Usually there is no ambiguity as context makes it clear whether the speaker is referring to the present or future. Voice and aspect are also indicated by means of conjugation, and possibly agglutinating auxiliary verbs.

• igemesha?

be.alone-Q-PST-3s

Was he alone?

• tekan

know-1s

I know.

verb modifiers

• negative mood - -ak-
• interrogative mood - -em
• intensifier; augmentative - -uly-

nouns

number

• anat - tooth; fang
• anatím - teeth; fangs

case

• -Ø - the tooth [nominative / subject] NOM
• -wá / -ó - the tooth [oblique / dative / accusative] OBL
• x - of the tooth [genitive] GEN
• x - with the tooth, and the tooth [instrumental / comitative] COM
• x - O the tooth [vocative] VOC
• -yá / -ái - on/in/at the tooth [locative] LOC

pronouns

• -an - first person singular
• -e - second person singular
• -a - third person singular

• -uk - first person plural
• -ut - second person plural
• -um - third person plural

noun classes

• ta- - people; places
• ku- - trees; weather; natural phenomena
• mi- - groups of objects; collective
• we- - tools; artifacts
• sha- - body parts and functions
• ni- - animals; noises
• ba- / a- - abstract; null

adpositions

locative affixes

• x- - static location
• x- - inside of an object
• x- - under water
• x- - into water
• x- - on top of
• x- - under
• x- - through
• x- - out of
• x- - above or over
• x- - in the air
• x- - across

• x- - on / at / away from
• x- - along / back to
• x- - over there
• x- - to / towards