Paba
Bābākiam is the name of the parent language of Poswa and Pabappa, spoken around the year 4200 in Paba. The name means simply "language of Bābā", where Bābā is the old name of Paba.
Phonology
Babakiam is the parent language of Poswa and Pabappa and thus shares with these languages many characteristics.
Vowels
There are four vowels, /a i u ə/, spelled a i u e. The first three vowels can also be long. The schwa is the rarest of the three vowels, and words with schwa are usually cognate to words with no vowel in closely related languages such as Khulls.
In its classical stage, Babakiam was notable for allowing unrestricted vowel sequences, particularly of /a/, for example bāaaau "(park) bench", which is syllabified as bā-a-a-au (four syllables), and paaapa "dark-haired". Such words were rare, however, and almost always transparent compounds (as in the case of bāaaau) or loanwords (as in the case of paaapa). Nevertheless, Bābākiam does maintain the unusual distinction between long vowels and a sequence of two short vowels, and minimal pairs of this type are very common. Vowel sequences often result from the deletion of voiced fricatives between vowels (/ž/ is the only voiced fricative remaining in the language), whereas long vowels generally were long in the parent language and result from a series of much earlier sound shifts. Other words, such as taīū "maple leaf", exhibit both types of changes.
The vowels /i/ and /u/ become /j/ (spelled "y") and /w/ (spelled "v") before other vowels and in some positions also after vowels. Thus a word like patiyiyibis "bladder" is phonemically /patiiiiibis/, with five /i/'s in a row.
Babakiam was still called Babakiam as late as the year 6000, because the dialects were mutually intelligible (and indeed almost identical) to the language spoken in Paba (then called Baba). No phonemes were lost going from Babakiam to Poswa other than the vowel length, which was lost early on. On the other hand, Pabappa lost many of its phonemes.
Consonants
The consonant inventory is very simple: /p b m f w t n s š ž j k ŋ/, unless /w j/ are considered allophones of the vowels. It is unusual in that it lacks liquid phonemes entirely when all the languages around it have /l/ and most also have an /r/-like sound. Thus Babakiam sounds like children's speech. /b/ is the most common consonant, and in later stages of the language, it became even more common because /b/ was inserted to break up the monstrous sequences of /a/ and /ə/ that had existed in the parent language. Thus classical Babakiam taabābā "nest" became tabababababa and bāaaau became bababababar.
Most words end in vowels, but can also end in /p m s/.
Comparison of words:
- 4200 Babakiam peskavu sabayiuŋaus
- 6000 Babakiam pyskary šalergos
- 8700 Poswa pwaršalios
- 8700 Pabappa pospalerba "soap bubble wand"
Culture
Early settlement
Bābā (hereafter Paba) was founded very early by immigrants from Laba. Though later famous for being the most pacifistic people in the world, the early Pabaps were just like their neighbors. They landed and estabslihed a new city on the south coast called Panama. (Panama means "port, harbor" in Pabappa.) Here, they grew rapidly northwards, killing any aboriginals they met who refused to convert to the Yiibam religion and were unable to escape into the cold interior.
The Pabaps had come from the highlands of Laba, in which people rarely traveled outside their home village because travel through the mountains was so difficult. Thus they had a highly diverse culture internally. However, despite being confined to the mountains, they actually had an advantage in getting out of Laba because they had access to rivers which emptied into ports along the East Coast of Laba that were further north than the port cities of their primary antagonists on Laba. Thus, while one might have expected the settlement of Rilola to be dominated by oceanic Laban peoples such as the Tasnu, Pabaps had a far higher proportion of their population move over than did the Tasnu. Still, because the highlands were difficult to build large cities in, Paba's population was small compared to many other nations on Rilola.
Minorities
Paba was also a target of immigration from other Laban nations. The Andanese people moved from Laba to Paba and reached their highest population density in Paba. They did not convert to the Yiibam religion, which was a rare exception to Paba's policy of insisting that their new nation respect only the Yiibam religion. This was allowed because the Andanese in Paba had sworn to always be loyal ot Paba, effectively considering all of Paba to be Andanese home territory, rather than behave as they did in many other nations where the Andanese minority was aggressive and unwelcome and often collaborated with invaders during a war.
The Tarpabap people were the second largest minority in Paba. They had come from the far south of Laba, including the equatorial islands that were being rapidly flooded by rising ocean waters as the glaciers of the interior quickly melted. They felt they needed a new homeland to settle in and chose Paba. Earlier, Paba had had access to the most convenient port in all of southern Laba from which to embark on a sea journey to reach Rilola, but they had very few seaworthy boats because they had no coastland of their own apart from a few cities in Andanese territory in which they had become a majority but not achieved formal independence. Thus the Tarpabaps, being all along an oceangoing people, gave Pabaps their ships in return for a formal alliance in which the two peoples would stick together. The Tarpabaps converted to the Yiibam religion more easily than the Andanese since their native religion had already been similar. Nevertheless, not all Tarpabaps converted, and those who stuck to their oreiginal religion from the tropics were treated badly by others in Paba, including the other Tarpabaps.
The Tarpabaps did not blend much with Pabaps because the two peoples were so strongly phyiscally different: Pabaps were among the shortest people in the world; Tarpabaps were among the tallest. However they occasionally did match up since neither group was monolithic in terms of body types. The presence of a few aboriginals who had converted to Yiibam and thus came to call themselves Pabaps helped with this, becayse the aboriginals here were in manys ways intermediate between the two other groups.
Many Tarpabap settlers in Paba figured that since the Pabaps were so small and physically delicate, they would be easy to push around, and that the Tarpabaps, despite being a minority, would soon be in control of the government of Paba. But they found that this was not so. Neither did they have success in dominating the Andanese minority, who were even smaller and more physically delicate than the Pabaps due to a lower amount of body fat. Both Pabaps and Tarpabaps were prone to violence, and they realized that they would be better off as allies than as enemies. Likewise, the Pabaps were not afraid of being dominated by the Tarpabaps, and kept sending out ships to Laba to encourage ever more people of both races to move to Paba.
However, soon the population began to experiecne overcrowding. Some people in Paba began to explore other nations on Rilola, but found that essentially all land had been occupied. Although they had easily massacred the aboriginal population of Paba just a few hundred years ago, it was not so easy anymore because most of the land around them had either been settled by fellow Laban cultures that were materially successful but mostly hostile to accepting even more Labans, or by aboriginals who had never been as weak as the ones living in Paba because they were not cut off from the rest of the world by mountains.
Expansion
This is one area where the Pabaps and the Tarpabaps tended to break apart culturally. The Pabaps preferred to live along the warm southern coast, and if they ran out of land, they planned to settle other tropical areas even if they were controlled by hostile powers that would only allow Pabaps to move in as an underclass. This was because Paba had in its short time on the continent already become a master of naval trade, and its people felt comfortable living under foreign powers because they would often live better lives than their supposed dominant cultures and because their mastery of sea power would give them an easy exit if the host nation turned suddenly hostile.
The Tarpabaps, meanwhile, typically preferred expansion into the much larger and more open northern territory of Repilia, even though Paba was walled off from Repilia by the world's tallest mountain range. Tarpabaps were not happy being simply a minority in another nation's culture; they wanted a country of their own. Thus ironically the two peoples had essentually switched places: Pabaps were descended from rural mountain peoples with extremely low living standards but had become the masters of sea power and among the richest peoples in their new home continent, while the Tarpabaps, who had come from the hot wet jungles of Laba's equatorial maritime region, were already giving up "sea life" in the hopes of forming a huge invincible mountain nation for Tarpabaps only.
Early Tarpabap settlements in the interior focused on Repilian territory, as Repilia surrounded Paba on all sides. This led to revenge attacks against Paba and strained relations between the Pabaps and the Tarpabaps. Paba always had been an ally of Repilia, even if for morally questionable reasons: the early Pabap settlers had attacked the native aboriginal Sukuna people, who had been the blood enemies of Repilians for thousands of years. Thus there was never any animosity against Paba from the Repilians, and Paba had welcomed Repilian settlement into Paba, giving Repilians their only access to the south coast. But now Tarpabap people were cutting their way through the mountain passes and setting up shop in the choicest pieces of land, even daring to launch preemptive attacks against Repilian settlements in order to increase the security of their own.
Since Paba itself had a second nation, Pubapi, inside Naman territory, and Repilia was a part of Nama, the Namans tried to put pressure on the Pabaps to stop Tarpabapla's explosion into Repilian territory, saying that they would shut down Pubapi if the attacks on Repilia did not stop. But even Nama knew that they were in a very weak position, because other nations were poking their borders as well, and they had up until now seen Paba as a strong ally and specifically as a naval ally.
In Pubapi, the Pabaps told the Naman diplomats that Paba's army was not as strong as it seemed; they were afraid that if they tried to stop Tarpabaps from settling Nama, the Tarpabaps would turn back around and attack Paba. Since Tarpabaps were now much stronger than the Pabaps, they were worried about total conquest. Indeed, when Repilians did launch revenge attacks into Paba, they targeted ethnic Pabaps, not ethnic Tarpabaps, because even though the Pabaps were basically innocent they tended to be unarmed and therefore much easier to kill. Already some Pabaps had begun to fear that Tarpabap conquest was inevitable and decided to move to the Tarpabaps' new nation, Tarwas, and essentially become Tarpabaps themselves. Tarwas allowed Pabaps to live in Tarwas despite earlier saying that it would be a nation for Tarpabaps only, because they too had weaknesses and did not want to alienate a culture that provided them their only access to the sea, and was still actively importing more Tarpabaps from Laba. Some believed that in the far future, Tarwas would be strong enough to rush back down the mountains, conquer all of Paba, and become the world champion of military power both on land and at sea, since they would take control of the Pabap navy and learn from the Pabaps how to build ships. But even the most aggressive and optimistic Tarpabaps realized that this could only happen many hundreds of years in the future, if at all, and that Tarwas' best military strategy for the time being would be to consider itself an absolute inseparable ally of Paba.
Reform in Paba
Meanwhile, the Pabaps did not want to feel threatened in their own home country. They did not call for a slowdown of settlement of the tropics by Pabaps, as they felt that few of them would return voluntarily. They merely wanted to better strengthen Pabaps in Paba so that they did not have to worry about beign attacked by Tarwas or Tarpabaps within Paba (even Repilians living in Paba were attacking Pabaps now, although they mostly went after Tarpabaps).
Paba was unhappy at the problems caused by the cultural differences between them and the Tarpabaps they were hosting in their nation. Paba wanted to settle outworld areas in the tropics, which led to expanding Pabap power overseas but very little growth at home even with rapid immigration from the Pabaps' home area in Laba. Meanwhile, few Tarpabaps left, so their population in Paba grew rapidly, approaching 30%, and they actually had a majority in the army now since the Pabaps were focusing mostly on their navy. Paba was worried about an ethnic conflict arising within its own army, with Tarpabaps massacring Pabaps, if Tarwas decided to invade Paba. Tarwas was still a strong ally of Paba, but Paba felt that this was largely because of the Pabaps' strong assistance they were giving to Tarwas, even going on missions to Laba to gather boat after boat full of Tarpabap people desiring to immigrate to Paba.
However, some Pabap settlers had essentially given up trying to settle teh tropics, and moved northward just west of the Tarwastas. Even though they were also invading Repilian territory, they had better relations with the Repilians and were much less violent than the Tarpabaps, so their settlements tended to prosper. They actually reached the north coast of Rilola, but did not settle very much there because the climate was still too cold, with the harbors frozen most of the year apart from a few narrow inlets where the ice thawed out into "lakes" surrounded by land on one side and ice on the other.
