Dosari
Phonology
Consonants
| Bilabial | Labiodental | Dental | Alveolar | Postalveolar | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive | /p/ /b/ | /t/ /d/ | /k/ /g/ | /q/ /ɢ/ | ||||
| Affricate | /ts/ | /tʃ/ | ||||||
| Nasal | /m/ | /n/ | ||||||
| Trill | /r/ | |||||||
| Fricative | /ɸ/ | /θ/ | /s/ | /ʃ/ | /x/ | /χ/ | ||
| Approximant | /ʋ/ | /j/ | ||||||
| Lateral Approximant | /l/ |
Vowels
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | /i/ /y/ | /u/ | |
| Open-mid | /ɛ/ /œ/ | /ɔ/ | |
| Open | /a/ |
Stress
Stress always occurs on the first syllable.
Morphology
Nouns
Noun Class
There are three noun classes in Dosari: humans/animals (NC1), plants/insects (NC2), and inanimate objects/abstract ideas (NC3). These classes deal with what the word is referring to and not what sounds the word contains or ends with.
Article
There are three articles in Dosari: definite (DEF), partitive (PART), and negative (NEG). When there is no article attached to a noun, it is assumed to be indefinite. Articles agree only in noun class and are all suffixes added after any declension a noun might undergo.
DEFINITE
| ending in a vowel | ending in a consonant | NC1 | -n | -an | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NC2 | -m | -am | |||
| NC3 | -g | -ag |
NC1: -(a)n NC2: -(a)m NC3: -(a)g
PARTITIVE
| ending in a consonant | ending in a front vowel | ending in a back vowel | NC1 | -uni | -ʋuni | -juni | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NC2 | -umi | -ʋumi | -jumi | ||||
| NC3 | -ugi | -ʋugi | -jugi |
NC1: -[ʋ/j]uni NC2: -[ʋ/j]umi NC3: -[ʋ/j)ugi
NEGATIVE
| ending in a consonant cluster or fricative | ending in anything else | NC1 | -sa | -s | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NC2 | -sa | -s | |||
| NC3 | -sa | -s |
NC1: -s{a} NC2: -s{a} NC3: -s{a}
- ( ) = add this sound when the noun ends in a consonant
- [ ] = add one of these sounds when the noun ends in a vowel: add /ʋ/ before a front vowel and /j/ before a back vowel
- { } = add this sound if the noun ends in a consonant cluster or a fricative
Number
There are three numbers in Dosari: singular (SG), dual (DL), and plural (PL).
Case
There are ten cases in Dosari: nominative (NOM), accusative (ACC), genitive (GEN), dative (DAT), locative (LOC), ablative (ABL), instrumental (INS), vocative (VOC), allative (ALL), and temporal (TEMP). Case is expressed through suffixes and decline according to number but not noun class.
NOMINATIVE
SG: DL: PL:
ACCUSATIVE
SG: DL: PL:
GENITIVE
SG: DL: PL:
DATIVE
SG: DL: PL:
LOCATIVE
SG: DL: PL:
ABLATIVE
SG: DL: PL:
INSTRUMENTAL
SG: DL: PL:
VOCATIVE
SG: DL: PL:
ALLATIVE
SG: DL: PL:
TEMPORAL
SG: DL: PL:
