Mordvinic/Multipersonal
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The Mordvinic languages sport a system of multipersonal verbal agreement, operating separate from the common Uralic subject agreement conjugation.
Of the two forms listed per slot, the upper is the present, the lower the preterite.
Erzya
| Subject → Object ↓ |
1PS | 1PP | 2PS | 2PP | 3PS | 3PP |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1PS | N/A | -samak -imik |
-samiź -imiź |
-samam -imim |
-samiź -imiź | |
| 1PP | -samiź -miź |
-samiź -maź | ||||
| 2PS | -tan -iťiń |
-tadiź -iďiź |
N/A | -tanzat -ińźiť | ||
| 2PP | -tadiź -iďiź |
-tadiź -iďiź | ||||
| 3PS | -sa -ija |
-sińek -ińek |
-sak -ik |
-sink -ink |
-si/-sazo -iźe |
-siź -iź |
| 3PP | -siń -iń |
-siť -iť |
-sinze -inze | |||
Mokša
| Subject → Object ↓ |
1PS | 1PP | 2PS | 2PP | 3PS | 3PP |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1PS | N/A | -samak -majť |
-samaśť -maśť |
-samań -mań |
-samaź -maź | |
| 1PP | -samaśť -maśť |
-samaź -? |
-samaź -? | |||
| 2PS | -ťä -çťəń |
-ťäďäź -ďäź |
N/A | -tanza(t) -nźä | ||
| 2PP | -ťäďäź -ďäź |
-ťäďäź -ďäź | ||||
| 3PS | -sa(n) -jńä, -jä |
-saśk -śk, -ńək |
-sak -jť, -jk |
-saśť, -sajəńť, -sańk -śť, -jəńť, -ńk |
-si -źä |
-saź -ź |
| 3PP | -sajńä -zəń |
-sajť -zəń |
-sińä -zəń | |||
Reconstructions
It is uncertain when this paradigm formed; but most scholars consider it a Mordvinic innovation. While it is theoretically possible that it is of Proto-Uralic vintage, and Seefloth's Paradigm constitutes a version of it which has lost the category of object person, the absence of any trace of that category in the definite conjugations of other Uralic languages renders this unlikely.
Klemm's reconstruction
Antal Klemm reconstructed the Proto-Mordvinic paradigm as follows in 1926:
| Subject → Object ↓ |
1PS | 1PP | 2PS | 2PP | 3PS | 3PP |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1PS | N/A | -sV-mV-t -j-mV-t |
? | -sV-mV(-z.) -j-mV-(j)-m |
-sV-mV-z. -j-mV-z. | |
| 1PP | ? | ? | ? | -sV-mV-j-z. -j-mC-j-z. | ||
| 2PS | -tV-n -j-tV-n |
? ? |
N/A | -tV-z. -j-nz.(k) |
-tV-z. -j-tV-z. | |
| 2PP | ? ? |
? ? |
? ? |
-tV-j-z. -j-tV-j-z. | ||
| 3PS | -sV-m -j(V)-m |
-sV-j-n-m.k -j-n-m.k |
-sV-t -j-t |
-sV-j-n-d.k -j-n-d.k |
-sV-z. ~ -sV-j -j-z. |
-sV-z. -j-z. |
| 3PP | -sV-j-n -j(V)-n |
-sV-j-n-m.k -j-n-m.k |
-sV-j-t -j-t |
-sV-j-n-d.k -j-n-d.k |
-sV-j-nz. -j-nz. |
-sV-j-z. -j-z. |
(Keresztes 1999:56)
Keresztes's reconstruction
Sources
- László Keresztes (1999): Development of Mordvin Definite Conjugation (Mémoires de la Société Finno-Ougrienne #233)
