Natlang Uses of Circumflex

The circumflex comes from the Greek alphabet where it marked pitch. It was originally a combination of acute and grave accent.[1]

Circumflex in Unicode

Precomposed Letters with Circumflex

^

ˆ

◌̂

Â

â

Ấ

ấ

Ầ

ầ

Ẩ

ẩ

Ẫ

ẫ

U+005E

U+02C6

U+0302

U+00C2

U+00E2

U+1EA4

U+1EA5

U+1EA6

U+1EA7

U+1EA8

U+1EA9

U+1EAA

U+1EAB

Circumflex Accent

Modifier Letter Circumflex Accent

Combining Circumflex Accent

Latin Capital Letter A With Circumflex

Latin Small Letter A With Circumflex

Latin Capital Letter A With Circumflex And Acute

Latin Small Letter A With Circumflex And Acute

Latin Capital Letter A With Circumflex And Grave

Latin Small Letter A With Circumflex And Grave

Latin Capital Letter A With Circumflex And Hook Above

Latin Small Letter A With Circumflex And Hook Above

Latin Capital Letter A With Circumflex And Tilde

Latin Small Letter A With Circumflex And Tilde

Note: May be confused with Modifier Letter Up Arrowhead, ˄ (U+02C4); Combining Inverted Breve, ◌̑ (U+0311); or Up Arrowhead, ⌃ (U+2303).

Ậ

ậ

Ĉ

ĉ

Ê

ê

Ế

ế

Ề

ề

Ể

ể

Ễ

U+1EAC

U+1EAD

U+0108

U+0109

U+00CA

​ U+00EA

U+1EBE

U+1EBF

U+1EC0

U+1EC1

U+1EC2

U+1EC3

U+1EC4

Latin Capital Letter A With Circumflex And Dot Below

Latin Small Letter A With Circumflex And Dot Below

Latin Capital Letter C With Circumflex

Latin Small Letter C With Circumflex

​ Latin Capital Letter E With Circumflex

Latin Small Letter E With Circumflex

Latin Capital Letter E With Circumflex And Acute

Latin Small Letter E With Circumflex And Acute

Latin Capital Letter E With Circumflex And Grave

Latin Small Letter E With Circumflex And Grave

Latin Capital Letter E With Circumflex And Hook Above

Latin Small Letter E With Circumflex And Hook Above

Latin Capital Letter E With Circumflex And Tilde

ễ

Ệ

ệ

Ĝ

ĝ

Ĥ

ĥ

Î

î

Ĵ

ĵ

Ô

ô

U+1EC5

U+1EC6

U+1EC7

U+011C

U+011D

U+0124

U+0125

U+00CE

U+00EE

U+0134

U+0135

U+00D4

U+00F4

Latin Small Letter E With Circumflex And Tilde

Latin Capital Letter E With Circumflex And Dot Below

Latin Small Letter E With Circumflex And Dot Below

Latin Capital Letter G With Circumflex

Latin Small Letter G With Circumflex

Latin Capital Letter H With Circumflex

Latin Small Letter H With Circumflex

Latin Capital Letter I With Circumflex

Latin Small Ltter I With Circumflex

Latin Capital Letter J With Circumflex

Latin Small Letter J With Circumflex

Latin Capital Letter O With Circumflex

Latin Small Letter O With Circumflex

Ố

ố

Ồ

ồ

Ổ

ổ

Ỗ

ỗ

Ộ

ộ

Ŝ

ŝ

Û

U+1ED0

U+1ED1

U+1ED2

U+1ED3

U+1ED4

U+1ED5

U+1ED6

U+1ED7

U+1ED8

U+1ED9

U+015C

U+015D

U+00DB

Latin Capital Letter O With Circumflex And Acute

Latin Small Letter O With Circumflex And Acute

Latin Capital Letter O With Circumflex And Grave

Latin Small Letter O With Circumflex And Grave

Latin Capital Letter O With Circumflex And Hook Above

Latin Small Letter O With Circumflex And Hook Above

Latin Capital Letter O With Circumflex And Tilde

Latin Small Letter O With Circumflex And Tilde

Latin Capital Letter O With Circumflex And Dot Below

Latin Small Letter O With Circumflex And Dot Below

Latin Capital Letter S With Circumflex

Latin Small Letter S With Circumflex

Latin Capital Letter U With Circumflex

û

Ŵ

ŵ

Ŷ

ŷ

Ẑ

ẑ

U+00FB

​ U+0174

U+0175

U+0176

U+0177

U+1E90

U+1E91

Latin Small Letter U With Circumflex

Latin Capital Letter W With Circumflex

Latin Small Letter W With Circumflex

Latin Capital Letter Y With Circumflex

Latin Small Letter Y With Circumflex

Latin Capital Letter Z With Circumflex

Latin Small Letter Z With Circumflex

Natlang Examples

Uses of Circumflex

Usage	Language	Letters	Notes
Central vowel	Moldovan, Romanian	Ââ /ɨ/, Îî /ɨ/	Ââ and Îî both stand for the same sound, but Ââ is used word-internally, and Îî initially and finally. Exceptions are compound words and proper nouns.[2]
Diphthong	Slovak	Ôô /u̯o/
Long vowel with low pitch	Slovene (orthography with tonal accentuation)	Ââ /àː/, Êê /ɛ̀ː/, Ệệ /èː/, Îî /ìː/, Ôô /ɔ̀ː/, Ộộ /òː/, Ûû /ùː/	Inverted breve may be used instead of circumflex. These letters are not used in the standard orthography of Slovene, but in language materials.[3]
Raised vowel	Slovene (orthography with dynamic accentuation)	Êê /ˈeː/, Ôô /ˈoː/	The circumflex marks that these vowel are stressed, long, and mid-close instead of mid-open. These letters are not used in the standard orthography of Slovene, but in language materials.[4]
	Vietnamese	Ââ /ə˧/, Ấấ /ə˧˥/, Ầầ /ə̤˨˩/, Ẩẩ /ə˧˩˧/, Ẫẫ /əˀ˧˥/, Ậậ /ə̰ʔ˧˨/, Êê /e˧/, Ếế /e˧˥/, Ềề /e̤˨˩/, Ểể /e˧˩˧/, Ễễ /eˀ˧˥/, Ệệ /ḛʔ˧˨/, Ôô /o˧/, Ốố /o˧˥/, Ồồ /o̤˨˩/, Ổổ /o˧˩˧/, Ỗỗ /oˀ˧˥/, Ộộ /o̰ʔ˧˨/	Generally, unaccented Aa, Ee, Oo stand for /aː, ɛ, ɔ/. There are many exceptions to the phonemic value of all these letters though.[5]