Grammaticalization

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This article is a work in progress.
The contents may be tentative, incomplete, inaccurate, in need of elaboration, subject to later revision, or just plain sketchy.

As a courtesy, if you are not the author of the article, please do not make edits to this article while this message is displayed.


This page is a list of the grammaticalization pathways to be found in Bernd Heine, Tania Kuteva, World lexicon of grammaticalization, Cambridge University Press (2002). It is meant as a resource for conlangers looking for inspiration on how to express a given category.

The list is sorted by target category, with a vaguely semantic sort order, and within that by the groups established by the text near the end of certain entries noting "This process appears to be part of a more general evolution [...]; see also [...]".

Gray entries are suggested to be chains of multiple elementary steps: for example the pathway BODY > RECIPROCAL is thought to proceed via BODY > REFLEXIVE > RECIPROCAL. Pathways that are restricted to a certain geographic region are marked with the name of that region; doubtful or tentative pathways are queried (?).

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