Xǔngpìng
| Xǔngpìng Xǔngpìng | |
| Spoken in: | |
| Conworld: | |
| Total speakers: | |
| Genealogical classification: |
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| Basic word order: | |
| Morphological type: | isolating |
| Morphosyntactic alignment: | |
| Writing system: | |
| Created by: | |
| Qwynegold | |
Xǔngpìng is an isolating, monosyllabic, tonal language.
Phonology
Consonants
| Consonants | ||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bilabial | Labiod. | Dental | Alveolar | Post-alv. | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | |||||||||
| Nasals | m | n | ŋ | |||||||||||||
| Plosives | p | pʰ | t | tʰ | k | kʰ | ||||||||||
| Fricatives | f | s | ʃ | ʒ | ɕ | ʐ | h | |||||||||
| Affricates | ts | tsʰ | tʃ | tʃʰ | tɕ | tɕʰ dʑ | ||||||||||
| Approximants | j | |||||||||||||||
| Lateral Approximant | l | |||||||||||||||
Vowels
| Vowels | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Front | Near-front | Central | Near-back | Back | ||||||
| High | i | u | ||||||||
| Near-high | ʏ | |||||||||
| High-mid | e | |||||||||
| Mid | ə˞ | o | ||||||||
| Low-mid | ||||||||||
| Near-low | ||||||||||
| Low | a | ɑ˞ | ||||||||
Tones
Xǔngpìng has five tones, which are the high tone (unmarked), rising tone (´), falling tone (`), falling-rising tone (ˇ), and the "broken tone" (˜). The broken tone starts with an extra-short vowel, then there is a glottal stop, and then the same vowel continues again with a rising tone. In IPA, using /a/ as an example, this "tone" would be written [ăʔ̆ǎ]. The broken tone can not appear in onset-less syllables, while the other tones have no such restrictions.
Syllable structure
The syllable structure of Xǔngpìng is (O)(G)V(C), where O can be any consonant except /j/ or /w/, G can be /j/ or /w/, V is any non-rhotacized vowel, and C can be /kʰ/, /l/, /m/, /n/, /ŋ/, /w/, /j/ or rhotacization of the previous vowel.
Orthography
The romanization of Xǔngpìng is as follows:
Xǔngpìng romanization
A a, B b, C c, Ch ch, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, Jh jh, K k, L l, M m, N n, Ng ng, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, Sh sh, T t, U u, V v, W w, X x, Xh xh, Y y, Z z, Zh zh
| Letter | Pronunciation | |
|---|---|---|
| A a | a, ɑ | |
| Ar ar | ɑ˞ | |
| B b | p | |
| C c | tsʰ | |
| Ch ch | tʃʰ | |
| D d | t | |
| E e | e, ə | |
| Er er | ə˞ | |
| F f | f, ɸ | |
| G g | k | |
| H h | h | |
| I i | i, ɪ, j | |
| J j | tɕ | |
| Jh jh | ʒ | |
| K k | kʰ, k | |
| L l | l | |
| M m | m | |
| N n | n | |
| Ng ng | ŋ | |
| O o | o | |
| P p | pʰ | |
| Q q | tɕʰ | |
| R r | ʐ | |
| S s | s | |
| Sh sh | ʃ | |
| T t | tʰ | |
| U u | u, w | |
| V v | (silent) | |
| W w | w, (silent) | |
| X x | ɕ | |
| Xh xh | dʑ | |
| Y y | j, (silent) | |
| Z z | ts | |
| Zh zh | tʃ |
When a syllable begins with a vowel, a silent letter is inserted before it. If the syllable begins with /a/ or /e/, <v> is inserted; if it begins with /i/ or /ʏ/, <y> is inserted; and if it begins with /o/ or /u/, <w> is inserted.
When a consonant is followed by <i> or <u> and then a second vowel, the <i> or <u> is pronounced /j/ resp. /w/. If there is no other consonant before a /j/ or /w/, <y> resp. <w> is used for representing those sounds.
