Classical Laefêvëši adjectives
Adjectives in Laefêvëši are divided into three groups, each one expressing a different idea. They also decline for several cases and have different form according to the gender and number of the noun they modify. The escalation of adjectives has several forms in two types.
Types of adjectives
Three groups:
- Qualitative adjectives express quality
- Relational adjectives express relation
- Possessive adjectives express possession.
Declensions
There are two types of declensions, long and short declension.
Long declension
| Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| singular | dual | plural | singular | dual | plural | singular | dual | plural | |
| Qualitative | -imi | -ime | -imis | -isi | -ise | -isis | -idi | -ide | -idis |
| Relational | -ili | -ile | -ilis | -ivi | -ive | -ivis | -iði | -iðe | -iðis |
| Possessive | -iri | -ire | -iris | -ini | -ine | -inis | -ixi | -ixe | -ixis |
| Nom. | -/ | -/ | -/ | ||||||
| Gen. | -fa | -te | -kø | ||||||
| Dat. | -wa | -ze | -se | -rø | |||||
| Acc. | -la / -fla | -je / -tje | -nø / -njø | ||||||
| Loc. | -ka | -de | -če | -pø | |||||
| Inst. | -pa | -he | -še | -čø | |||||
| Part. | -þa | -sa | -ne | -nje | -lø | ||||
| Eqt. | -ra | -ŗa | -kse | -ke | -tø | ||||
Short declension
| Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| singular | dual | plural | singular | dual | plural | singular | dual | plural | |
| Qualitative | -i | ||||||||
| Relational | -e | ||||||||
| Possessive | -u | ||||||||
| Nom. | does not exist | ||||||||
| Gen. | -ffā | -ffē | -ffy | -ttā | -ttē | -tty | -mmā | -mmē | -mmy |
| Dat. | vvā | -vvē | -vvy | -zzā | -zzē | -zzy | -rrā | -rrē | -rry |
| Acc. | -llā / -llō | -llē / -llø | -lly / -llū | -ssā / -ssō | -ssē / -ssø | -ssy / -ssū | -nnā / -nnō | -nnē / -nnø | -nny / -nnū |
| Loc. | -kkā | -kkē | -kky | -ddā | -ddē | -ddy | -bbā | -bbē | -bby |
| Inst. | -ppā | -ppē | -ppy | -ggā | -ggē | -ggy | -þþā | -þþē | -þþy |
| Part. | -þþō | -þþī | -þþū | -ððō | -ððī | -ððū | -vvō | -vvī | -vvū |
| Eqt. | -rrō | -rrī | -rrū | -kkō | -kkī | -kkū | -ttō | -ttī | -ttū |
Escalation of adjectives
The escalation of adjectives consists of two types, the 7-degree escalation (which is further divided into two subtypes) and the 2-degree escalation.
Seven-degree escalation
There are two subtypes of this type of escalation:
- Seven-degree escalation with suffixes
- Seven-degree escalation with adverbs
Seven-degree escalation with suffixes
The normal adjectival suffix is replaced by one of the escalation suffix.
| Degree | Suffix | |
|---|---|---|
| Base (1st d.) | -/ | -/ |
| Second d. | -ika | -íkka |
| Third d. | -iko | -íkko |
| Fourth d. | -ive | -ívve |
| Fifth d. | -iŗa | -írra |
| Superlative (6th d.) | -ila | -ílla |
| Absolutive (7th d.) | -ixo | -íggo |
Declension
The declensional suffixes are added to the escalational suffixes.
| Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| singular | dual | plural | singular | dual | plural | singular | dual | plural | |
| Nom. | -/ | -će | -sa | -/ | -šo | -ša | -/ | -dī | -dū |
| Gen. | -fa | -fe | -fi | -te | -to | -ta | -kø | -kī | -kū |
| Dat. | -va | -ve | -vi | -ze | -ćo | -ća | -rø | -rī | -rū |
| Acc. | -la | -ke | -ki | -je | -jo | -ja | -nø | -nī | -nū |
| Loc. | -na | -ne | -ni | -de | -čo | -ča | -ðø | -ðī | -ðū |
| Inst. | -pa | -pe | -pi | -he | -ho | -ha | -gø | -gī | -gū |
Seven-degree escalation with adverbs
The adverb comes in front of the adjective which remains in its original form.
| Degree | Better | Lesser |
|---|---|---|
| Base (1st d.) | -/ | -/ |
| Second d. | tórmai | sónmai |
| Third d. | tóčmai | sóčmai |
| Fourth d. | tóšmai | sóšmai |
| Fifth d. | tósmai | sótmai |
| Superlative (6th d.) | tákmai | sékmai |
| Absolutive (7th d.) | tálmai | sélmai |
Two-degree escalation
The two-degree escalation only has, like the name suggests, two degrees, called the base degree and the elative degree, respectively.
The elative degree is expressed by several prefixes:
- ter-
- mal-
- eni-
- lie-
- ro-
- am-
An additional degree can be found here, it is formed by using an adverb which is added in front of the adjective. This degree, also called the second elative degree carries even more absolute meaning than the elative itself.
Adverb: leíre/eíre
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