Kala lexicon

Main Article: Kala

See also: Thematic Lexicon

General Lexica

• The majority of lexical units in Kala can have multiple roles.
• Most have a primary role, such as verb, noun or adjective, but almost all can serve in at least two roles.
• Because of this, this list is sorted alphabetically and not by part of speech or category.

• Abbreviations used:

• a = adjective
• acc = accusative
• adv = adverb
• con = conjunction
• cor = correlative
• det = determiner
• int = interjection
• n = noun
• nom = nominative
• num = numeral
• pt = particle
• pl = plural
• pref = prefix
• pn = prenominal (used before a noun)
• prep = preposition
• pv = preverbal (used before a verb)
• pron = pronoun
• q = question
• suf = suffix
• v = verb

pa ta ka ma na nya sa ha tsa tla ua la ya a

p

• pa - suf - abilitative / able / ability / can
• patlo - n / v - sweep / brush
• pato - n - duck
• paka - a / n - stupid / dumb / foolish / idiotic / fool / dummy / idiot / dunce
• pako - a / v - fresh / new / recent
• pamya - n - okra
• pana - n / v - dew / moisten / perspire / rain
• pano - n - cloth / rag / towel
• panya - n - rat / rodent
• pasaku - n / v - spit / saliva [to expel from the mouth]
• pasua - v - swell / expand / grow larger / wider / thicker
• pala - n - point / direct / shovel / spade / oar
• paletsa - n - thumb / finger
• palo - n - stick / twig / branch / cane / staff
• pa'o - det / num - eight / 8
• pe - n / v - mark / scratch / dot / diacritic
• petsa - a - mild / soft
• petso - n - belly / torso
• peta - n - map / visual representation of an area
• peka - n - bat [mammal]
• pesoka - n / v - go and meet or see / [make a] visit
• pela - v - inherit / receive
• pelako - n - heir
• pelana - n - knee
• pitsa - n - pizza
• pita - a / v - empty / devoid of content
• piko - n - navel / belly button
• pila - v - crush / rip / saw
• po - pref - in-law
• poto - n - photograph / picture / image
• puka - a / v - rotten / putrid / spoiled / rot / spoil
• puku - n - clothes / dress / garment / wear
• pukue - n / v - blow / blowfish
• punka - n - fruit
• puna - n - dirt / soil / sand / dust
• punya - n / v - stab
• puha - n - gill / nostril / lung
• puaha - n - fruit [part of plant / food]
• pue - prep - according to / after / behind
• puetsa - n - octopus
• puyo - n - winter (snowy season)
• pya - suf - attemptive mood
• pyeta - n - egg / embryo / testicle
• pyoki - a / v - to be sick / ill
• pyola - v - rotate / turn / revolve / spin / roll

t

• ta - pron - you
• tapa - n / v - covering / lid / roof
• tapana - v - adopt
• tatseka - n - adposition / preposition
• tatsi - n / v - stand
• taka - n / v - esteem / honor / respect
• takolo - n - peach (tree or fruit)
• takue - n - feather
• tam - pron - you [pl]
• tama - a - good / fine / well / complete
• tamako - a - legitimate (non-bastard)
• tana - v - fight / combat / battle
• tanya - v - spoil
• tasa - n / v - hunt / track / scout / seek
• taha - a / v - big / grand / large
• tahe - prep - below / under
• tahi - n - son / boy
• tahika - n - grandson
• tahikaha - n - great-grandson
• tala - v - come / return
• tali - n - metal
• ta'o - det / num - two / 2
• ta'oko - n - twin
• taue - n - cousin [male]
• taya - n / v - cut / slice
• tayoma - n - Friday
• te - prep - from / out of / since / of
• tepa - a / adv / n - later / late / lately
• tena - n - hindrance / obstacle
• teloli - n - woodpecker
• teyemi - n - expression / locution / phrase
• tipa - a / adv / int - OK / okay / all right / alright / good / acceptable
• tipua - v - drop / fall / plummet
• tima - n / v - blood / bleed
• tinali - a - old / old-fashioned or antiquated
• tiya - n - bread
• to - n - manner / method / path / way / road / street
• to ka - det / pron - how
• topa - n - bed / mattress
• topu - v - jump / propel
• tok - det / pron - no way
• tokua - det / pron - every way
• tomo - n / v - enter / servant
• tosito - n - verb
• tohi - n - broccoli / cabbage / cauliflower
• tola - det / pron - any way
• toua - prep - through

k

• ka - cor / pt - interrogative particle / which
• kapunu - n - melon
• katsa - a / n / v - brave / bravery
• katsi - n - dignity / worth
• kata - n - essence / nature / universe
• katama - n - duty / obligation
• katona - n - excess / overwhelming amount / too much
• kam - pron - they / them
• kampa - int - cheers!
• kama - n - city / town / village
• kamala - n - lunar / moon
• kame - n - jar / pot / urn
• kamu - a - savage / wild
• kamusa - n - dictionary
• kanka - n - corn / maize
• kana - v - command / lead
• kanu - n - any stringed instrument
• kanyo - n / v - ask / question
• kasa - n - bamboo / umbrella
• kasi - n / v - infect / infection
• kasuma - n - onion
• kahaku - n - science / study / [chemistry]
• kahami - n - mirror / reflective surface
• kahe - n - shadow / shade / obscure image
• kahi - n - key / device designed to open and close a lock
• kahu - n - furniture
• kala - n / v - say / speak / talk / language
• kalitsa - a - thick / chunky / solid / stocky / thickset
• kalimi - n - atmosphere / climate / weather
• ka'e - prep - at / to / toward
• ka'o - det / num - seven / 7
• kaua - n - coffee
• kaya - n - earth / planet
• kayopi - n - middle finger
• kayoma - n - Wednesday
• ke - pt - the / a / topic marker
• keta - n / v - behave / act a certain way
• kenta - v - forgive
• keha - n - anatomy / body / corpse
• keyo - n / v - description / figure of speech / qualification
• ki - n / pref - life force / ordinal marker
• kipa - n / v - bite / chew / tooth
• kipo - n / v - aspire / hope / wish
• kitsa - n - darkness
• kitla - v - create / invent / make-up
• kita - n - calligraphy / north
• kima - adv - like / as / similar
• kintala - n - collating sequence
• kina - n - mammal
• kiso - a / n - base / basic / basis / ground / root
• kilatsi - n - cherry
• kilini - n - giraffe
• ko - n / pt / suf - agent(ive) / -er / person
• ko…ka - cor / q - who / whom
• kopa - n - mushroom / fungi
• kopati - v - dig / move earth
• koto - n / v - drum / rhythm / beat
• kompo - n - seaweed
• komputa - n - computer / programmable device
• koni - n - skunk
• kono - n - gray / rock / stone
• kosetsa - n / v - harvest / crop
• koho - n / v - float / buoyant device / be supported by a liquid
• kohu - n / v - fog / mist / steam
• kohua - det / pron - everyone
• kola - det / pron - anyone
• koli - n - tail
• koliya - n - axiom / convention
• ko'a - det / pron - that person
• koyo - adv - whose / of who
• ku / o - n / v - amount / to count / number / quantity
• ku…ka - det / pron / q - how many? / how much?
• kutsu - n - flesh / meat
• kuma - n - bear / ursine
• kuna - n / v - excrete / expel / defecate / shit
• kusa - n - throat / neck
• kusu - v - push [away] / press / shove / squeeze
• kula - det / pron - any amount
• kuli - n / v - voice
• kua - det / pron - all / every / each
• kuatla - n - snake / reptile
• kuama - adv / cor - always / eternal / all time / forever
• kuepa - n / v - escape
• kuetsa - n - cigarette
• kueta - n - spring [season]
• kueli - n - rights / legal entitlement
• kue'a - n - deer / cervine
• kuya - a / n - green / grass / foliage
• kya - pt - imperative / jussive / command particle
• kyampi - n - affix
• kyehu - n / v - period of rest / break
• kye'o - det / num - hundred thousand / 10^5
• kyopu - n / v - fear
• kyoma - n - barren place / desert
• kyosa - n / v - sex / copulation
• kyoha - adv - goodbye / bye
• kyohi - n / v - refuse / decline / reject
• kyolo - a - fast / quick / rapid

m

• m / a - suf - plural marker
• mpa - suf - v > a [drink > drinkable / inu > inumpa]
• mpaka - n - boundry / border / line
• mpanko - n / v - plan / scheme / outline
• mpana - a - broad / wide / width
• mpeku - n - seed
• mpelo - n - buzzard
• mpila - n - ball [game]
• mponto - n - cassava [leaves]
• mpuni - n - ostrich
• mha - suf - much / many / a lot
• ma - con / v - and / also / as well / plus / more
• matsatli - n - pineapple
• matla - n - casserole / goulash / soup / stew
• matli - n / v - correlate / correspond
• mata - v - kill / murder
• mak - adv / n - no more / cease / desist
• maka - n - music
• makano - n - musical instrument
• makaho - n - musician
• makena - n - appliance / device / instrument / machine
• maku - n - pillow
• manka - a / n - cold / low temperature
• mana - n - power / strength
• manya - adv - another time / different time / later
• manyo - n / v - size
• mase - n / v - dance / move to music
• masula - n - pipe [smoking utensil]
• mala - a - bad / negative / unfavorable / wrong
• mali - adv - again
• malina - n - raspberry
• malo - a / n - brown
• ma'a - prep - in company of / together / using / with
• ma'ak - prep - without / apart / separate / except
• ma'e - prep - before / in front of
• ma'o - det / num - four / 4
• maya - a / n - fluid / water / wet
• mayoma - n - Sunday
• metse - prep - between / amid / among / during
• metla - n / v - flute / sound of wind / whistle
• mekutsi - n - slug
• menya - v - become / begin to be / come to be / turn into
• melonka - n - apricot
• mitsika - a - short [in height and from end to edge]
• mitla - n - arrow / dart
• minti - n / v - lie / tell intentional untruth
• mina - n - south
• mihu - n - cat / feline
• mo - n - locate / location / locative / place / where
• mo ka - cor - where
• motsa - n - banana
• moto - n / v - memory / remember
• mok - det / pron - nowhere / no place
• mokua - det / pron - everywhere
• mosa - n - book
• mosima - n - season
• mola - det / pron - anywhere
• moya - n / v - gluph / mark / symbol / write
• muta - n - back / spine / dorsal / vertebrae
• munta - v - change / alter / transform
• muna - v - care / worry / important
• mune - n - breast / chest / bust
• muha - n - monk / nun
• muhi - n / v - hate / detest
• muapaka - v - set apart for a particular use or person / appropriate
• muatso - n / v - start / beginning
• muana - n - ocean / sea
• muanya - n - opening made by breaking or parting / gap / hole
• muahi - n - bee, honey bee (insect: genus Apis)
• muahiko - n - beekeeper
• muahika - n - bumblebee (insect: genus Bombus)
• muahimo - n - beehive, apiary
• mue'o - det / num - ten thousand / 10^4
• muya - n / v - do / labor / make / work
• mya - suf - adj / n > verb [-ize / -fy]
• mye - pref - do again / redo
• myo - suf - permissive mood affix
• myonta - v - allow / grant / permit / tolerate

n

• nta - n - camel
• ntama - n - calf
• ntai - n - baby / infant
• nte'o - det / num - one million / 10^6
• ntimu - n - lemon
• nkapa - n - alcohol / grog
• nkata - n / v - agree / agreement
• nki - suf - few / not many
• nkonto - n / v - flow [the movement of liquid]
• nkumu - a - burden / cumbersome / difficult
• nkunka - n - eel
• na - pron - I / me
• napita - n - wine
• natsu - n - summer
• natsua - v - let go / release
• nata - n - relative
• nataha - n - ancestor
• natahi - n - descendant
• nataue - n - cousin
• natepe - a / n - round / circle / circular
• nato - a - straight [direction]
• naka - n - female / feminine / woman
• nam - pron - we / us
• nama - v - grow / rise / rear / raise
• namaka - n - salt
• nasa - v - birth / born / beget
• nasi - n - pear [fruit / tree]
• naso - n - lupine / wolf
• naha - n - river / stream
• nahe - prep - during / hence / in / inside / into / within
• nahi - n - daughter / girl
• nahika - n - granddaughter
• nahikaha - n - great-granddaughter
• naho - n / v - grammar / regulate / rule
• nala - n / v - enlighten / enlightenment
• nalo - n / v - laugh / expression of mirth peculiar to the human species
• na'aso - n - lizard
• na'e - prep - on
• na'o - det / num - one / 1
• naua - n / v - rope / cord / string / tie a knot
• naue - n - cousin [female]
• nayoma - n - Thursday
• nekama - n / v - retaliatory action / revenge
• neki - n - pinky [finger]
• nemeli - a / n - damp[ness] / humid[ity] / moist[ness]
• nemila - n - ant
• nipue - a - dull [not sharp]
• nika - n - dog / canine
• niku - n / v - hate
• nisi - n - west
• niha - a - lovable / kind / nice / endearing / pleasant / likeable / affable
• niua - n - yard
• niya - n - reasoning / rational thought / argument / reason / motive / purpose
• no - n - instrument / object / thing
• no ka - cor - what
• nota - n / v - lie / be in horizontal position
• nok - det / pron - nothing
• noko - v - continue unchanged / remain / stay behind
• nokua - det / pron - everything
• nom - n - things
• nonta - n / v - prostitution
• nosa - n - subject / theme
• noho - n - chickpea / garbanzo
• nola - det / pron - anything
• noya - a / v - satisfied / content / happy
• nula - n / v - lick

ny

• nya - prep - by / for
• nyamu - n - mosquito / fly
• nyahi - a - white / snow
• nyalo - n / v - telephone / communication device
• nya'a - n / v - hunger / need food
• nye - adv / n - reason / cause / adv. because
• nye ka - cor - why
• nyepa - n - cloud
• nyek - det / pron - no reason
• nyekua - det / pron - every reason
• nyesa - n - ox / cow / bull / bovine
• nyele - n - arrowhead
• nyeli - a / n - pink
• nye'o - det / num - hundred / 100
• nyo - suf - n > v [ clothing > to wear clothing ]
• nyopa - n - peanut
• nyota - a / n / v - thirst / thirsty
• nyoma - n - rice

s

• sa - n - peace / tranquility / well-being
• sapa - n - finger
• satsu - v - scrub / rub / scour
• sata - n - morpheme / word
• satila - n - sandwich
• saka - n - quiver / arrow container
• sakana - n - fish
• sakisu - n - tick / arthropod / louse
• sakotsu - n - clavicle / collarbone
• saku - n / v - tear / split / separate
• sama - n - sun / solar / star
• sanu - adv - only / merely / just / solely
• sahi - n - color
• sahya - a / v - right / correct / free from error
• sala - n - chamber / room / section
• sa'o - det / num - nine / 9
• sayo - n - period of 19 days / calendar month
• sayoma - n - calendar / date
• sayoli - n - fly (the insect)
• sepa - n / v - hurt / injure / wound
• seta - a / n - flat / silk / smooth
• setona - n - olive
• seka - a - dry / sharp / strict
• sempo - n - abacus
• sema - n - week (7 days)
• senu - n - hair
• seya - n / v - seal / stamp
• sipa - a - frequent(ly) / often
• sipo - a / n / v - fat / lard / grease
• sitsa - a / n - hot / high temperature / warm
• sikua - n - pig / hog / swine / pork
• sima - n / v - recline / relax / sit / seat / chair
• sinka - n - lion
• sinu - a / n / v - die / death / (be) dead
• siue - n - herb / leaf
• sopoko - n - gray
• sotla - n - foot / leg
• soto - a - equal / even / same
• sokitla - n - mud
• sokitlan - a - muddy
• sokuya - n - lime
• sonyo - n - wrist
• soye - n - index / list
• su - n - kind / type / genre / sort
• su ka - cor - what kind
• supaka - n - window
• supu - n - dawn
• suta - v - live, reside, dwell; live in, inhabit; settle (a home)
• suk - det / pron - no kind
• sukua - det / pron - every kind
• suha - n / v - tongue / mouth / taste
• sula - det / pron - any kind
• suama - n / v - sew / seam / mend
• suala - a - heavy

h

• ha - pron - he / she / him / her
• hapo - v - suck / inhale / absorb
• hakama - n - pant / short [garments worn on lower body]
• haku - n / v - vomit / regurgitate
• hama - v - defend / ward off
• hamo - n - fish-hook
• hamu - adv / n - ash / bit by bit
• hanya - n - land / a country or region
• hasukanu - n - date, fig
• hali - n - dairy / milk
• halisi - a / n - original / first in a series / primal
• ha'o - det / num - three / 3
• haya - n - animal / beast
• hayo - pron - his / her(s)
• hayoma - n - Saturday
• heta - n / v - need / have an absolute requirement for
• heua - n - sky / oxygen
• hi / ki - suf - not much / liitle / small
• hitsua - a - just / morally fair / righteous
• hita - v - throw / cast / expel
• hika - n / v - halt / stop / wait
• hikasi - n - east
• hinta - n / v - cost / price
• hina - adv / cor / n - here / to here / hither
• hoto - adv - almost / very close
• hok - cor / n - no one
• hono - n - port / harbor
• huk - det / pron - none
• hukua - det / pron - every amount
• huma - n - hummus
• hua - n - flower
• huata - n - shelf / stair
• hue - n - cucumber / pumpkin / watermelon
• huetla - n - peanut
• hyeka - n - sand / beach / finely ground rock
• hyo - v - must / be required
• hyota - n - juice

ts

• tsapa - n / v - ebdeavor / struggle
• tsaka - n - house / home / abode
• tsaku - n / v - idea / thought / conception
• tsana - n / v - meditation / contemplation
• tsani - n - story / tale
• tsasu - n - cursive
• tsala - n - paste / sauce
• tsalo - a - clear [transparent in color]
• tsa'a - int - please
• tsa'e - prep - beyond / past / across / through
• tsai - n - tea
• tsa'o - det / num - six / 6
• tsayoma - n - Tuesday
• tse - v - appear / be perceived as / seem
• tsepe - n - ear
• tseka - v - pull / draw near / tug / tow / yank
• tseneua - a - clear / opaque / transparent
• tseuali - n - chart / graph
• tsipana - n - leaf
• tsiti - n - automobile / vehicle
• tsikua - n / v - avian / bird / fly / glide
• tsima - n - hour / period
• tsini - n - sugar
• tsiya - a / n - freedom / liberty
• tso - n - continual / habitual marker
• tsoka - v - bump / collide with / strike
• tsokuta - n - intestine / bowel / guts
• tsoma - n / v - smoke (create smoke / become smoke: fire / tobacco / food) / smolder
• tsonyo - a / n / v - alert / attentive
• tsola - n - fox / Vulpes
• tsupa - n - saliva
• tsuku - a / n - blue
• tsumpa - v - buy / purchase
• tsume - n - finger/toe nail / claw
• tsumi - n - guilt / sin / offense
• tsunka - n - insect / bug / worm
• tsunkua - n - orange [fruit/tree/color]
• tsuali - n / v - thunder

tl

• tla - pron - it [inanimate / abstract]
• tlapa - n - horn / metal musical instrument / elephant noise
• tlatsa - n / v - fire / burn
• tlatso - adv - lastly / finally / last / final
• tlato - n / v - chant
• tlaka - a / n - man / masculine / male
• tlakenta - v - build / construct / erect
• tlaki - v - meet
• tlam - pron - it [pl] [inanimate / abstract]
• tlamila - v - complain
• tlana - a / n - human [being]
• tlanata - n - spouse
• tlani - n / v - curse
• tla'ota - n - husband
• tla'ona - n - wife
• tlaya - n / v - marriage / marry / matrimony / wed / wedding
• tlela - n / v - bathe / clean / purify / wash
• tle'o - det / num - thousand / 10^3
• tlipa - v - purchase / buy
• tlitsi - n / v - reasoning / capacity of the human mind
• tlika - n - family / clan / kin
• tlikata - n - family name
• tlima - v - plough
• tlinta - n / v - guard
• tlila - n - purple / mauve / violet / lilac
• tloto - n - lake / pond
• tloko - n - syllable
• tlo'u - n - elephant

ua

• ua - det / pron - or / or else / otherwise
• uatla - cor / det / pron - that (one)
• uatli - a - inferior / of lower quality
• uato - det / pron - that way
• uaka - n - boat / canoe / vessel
• uako - n - bovine / cow
• uaku - det / pron - that amount / much
• uama - det / pron - then / that time
• uana - cor / prep - there / far / distant
• uanata - n - sibling
• uanatahi - n - sibling's child
• uani - n - alligator / crocodile
• uanye - det / pron - that reason
• uanyo - n - gulf / embayment
• uaso - n - drinking glass [cup] / vessel / jug / pot
• uasu - det / pron - that kind
• uahe - n / v - bother / problem / trouble
• uala - adv - truthfully / verily
• ualali - n - dolphin
• ua'e - prep - above / over / on / about / concerning
• uaye - prep - away from / hence
• ue - suf - prefer to / want to / volitive suffix
• ueta - n - uncle
• uetahi - n - nephew
• uenku - n - spleen
• uena - n - aunt
• uenata - n - parent's sibling
• uenahi - n - niece
• ueso - n - bone
• ueha - n / v - intent / volition / will
• uela - n / v - sail [boat]
• ue'o - det / num - ten / 10

y

• ya - int / pt / suf - hello! / hi! / hey! / yoo-hoo! / vocative particle / (n / a) -ness / -ity / -hood / -ship
• yato - n - hand / palm
• yaka - n - appendage / leg
• yakota - n - (straw)berry
• yama - n - mountain / hill / pile / mound
• yana - a - yellow
• yane - prep - along / beside / by / next to / until / up to
• yasa - n - air / breeze / wind
• yaso - v - prepare / ready
• yala - n / v - go / walk / travel / journey
• ya'ate - int - greetings / hello
• ya'o - det / num - five / 5
• yaua - n / v - answer / response
• ye - suf - (n / v) past tense marker
• yetsi - n - chair / stool / cushion
• yeta - v - give / donate / transfer
• yete - a - spacious / vast
• yena - n - money / coin / cash
• yenaki - n - willow
• yeno - a / v - full / filled / complete
• yesa - a / v - peaceful / quiet / tranquil
• yelo - n / v - ice [frozen liquid] / freeze
• yeua - v - taste / sample
• yo - suf - pronominal possessive suffix / genitive
• yopi - n - post / mail
• yotsuki - n - ring finger
• yoti - n / v - play / game
• yoto - adv - in this way / like this / thus
• yototsi - n - armadillo
• yoma - n - day / period of sunlight
• yomatli - n - tomorrow
• yomaya - n - Monday
• yomaye - n - yesterday
• yomo - n - right [direction]
• yomu - v - read / recite
• yoso - n - left [direction]
• yoha - n / v - possession / to have / own
• yohua - n - night
• yolo - n - heart [organ / shape / core]

Index

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