Nabhika
Note: From this point on, // contain phonemic transcription, [] contain phonetic transcription, but Nabhikan words will be in bold.
| Nabhika | |
|---|---|
| Pronounced: | /nabʰika/ |
| Timeline and Universe: | none |
| Species: | Human |
| Spoken: | Nakat |
| Total speakers: | 13 million |
| Writing system: | Latin |
| Genealogy: | ... |
| Typology | |
| Morphological type: | Agglutinative |
| Morphosyntactic alignment: | Nominative-Accusative |
| Basic word order: | SVO |
| Credits | |
| Creator: | ILuvEire |
| Created: | February 2009 |
Phonology
Consonants
| Consonants | ||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bilabial | Labiod. | Dental | Alveolar | Retroflex | Velar | Glottal | ||||||||||
| Nasal | m | n | ɳ ṇ | ŋ ng | ||||||||||||
| Plosive | p pʰ ph | b bʱ bh | t tʰ th | d dʱ dh | ɖ ḍ | ʈ ṭ | k kʰ kh | g gʱ gh | ||||||||
| Fricative | f | v | s | z | ʂ ṣ | ʐ ẓ | h | |||||||||
| Trill | r | ɽ ṛ | ||||||||||||||
| Lateral Approximant | l | ɭ ḷ | ||||||||||||||
When the IPA is the same as the transcription, no extra character is put down. If there's a change from IPA, it's noted. An h is added to show aspiration, and ̣ (under-dot) is used to indicate the consonant is retroflex.
Vowels
| Vowels | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Front | Near-front | Central | Back | |||||||
| High | i | u | ||||||||
| High-mid | e | o | ||||||||
| Low | a | |||||||||
Nouns
Nabhika words use two genders, animate and inanimate. There are three numbers, singular, dual, and plural. Many, many nouns use a triconsonantal root. These nouns frequently are changed into verbs.
Cases
| Case | Suffix | Example 1 | Example 2 |
| Nominative | None | zvan-dog | bhāṣika |
| Accusative | -a | zvana | bhāṣikā |
| Gentitive | -i | zvani | bhāṣikai |
When a word ending with an a is in the accusative case, the vowel is lengthened. Similarly, when a noun is in the gentitive case and ends with an i the vowel is just long.
Plurals
- For the dual number, you'll need to change the vowel of the last syllable. Then add the suffix ṣi.
| a | -> | e | |
| e | -> | i | |
| i | -> | ī | |
| o | -> | i | |
| u | -> | e |
- The plural just lengthens the last vowel and adds the suffix -ra.
Examples
| Singular | Meaning | Dual | Plural |
| Zvan | dog | zvenṣi | zvēn |
| Bhāṣika | language | bhāṣikeṣi | bhāṣikāra |
Pronouns
In informal Nabhika, men use one set of pronouns, and women use another set. Men use the woman's set when speaking formally.
Masculine Pronouns
| Singular | Plural | |
| First person | ta | nā |
| Second person | an | tunā |
| Third person | hū | i |
Feminine Pronouns
| Singular | Plural | |
| First person | le | nanu |
| Second person | kim | kuma |
| Third person | aromi | ṣi |
