Songulda language

Songulda Songulda
Spoken in:
Conworld:
Total speakers:
Genealogical classification:	Songulda
Basic word order:
Morphological type:	agglutinative
Morphosyntactic alignment:	ergative
Writing system:
Created by:
Qwynegold

Phonology and phonotactics

Consonants
	Bilabial		Labiod.		Dental		Alveolar		Post-alv.		Palatal		Velar		Glottal
Nasals		m						n						ŋː
Plosives	p	b					t	d					k	g
Fricatives							s		ʃ	ʒ			x		h
Affricates					ts		tʃ	dʒ
Approximants				ʋ								j
Trill								r
Lateral Approximant								l

Vowels
	Front		Near-front		Central		Near-back		Back
High	i	y			ɨ					u
Near-high
High-mid
Mid	e	ø								o
Low-mid
Near-low
Low										ɑ

All the vowels and the consonants /p t k m n s x h l/ can have phonemic length.

Vowel harmony

Songulda has progressive vowel harmony, with vowels belonging to one of the three groups front, back or neutral.

Front	Back	Neutral
y	u	i
2̽	o̽	e̽
1	A

If a word root has only neutral vowels in it, then affixes belonging to the front group will be used with it.

Syllable structure

The syllable structure for non-final syllables is (O)V(ː)((C)D(ː)), and for final syllables (O)V(ː)((C)D). For both syllable types, V can be any vowel. For non-final syllables O can be any consonant except /p/ or/ŋː/, and for final syllables any consonant except /ŋː/. The C and D have certain constraints. For non-final syllables, the coda can be any of the following consonants or clusters:

m

n

nd

ns

nʒ

nx

nh

nts

ndʒ

p

b

t

d

k

g

s

st

sk

ʃ

ʒ

x

h

tʃ

dʒ

ʋ

ʋd

ʋs

j

jt

jd

jk

jm

jn

jr

js

jx

jts

jdʒ

jl

r

rt

rd

rk

rm

rs

rx

rts

rj

l

lt

ld

lk

lm

ls

lʒ

lx

lts

ldʒ

lj

For final syllables, the coda can be any of the following consonants or clusters:

m

mp

mt

mts

mtʃ

n

nt

nd

ns

nʒ

nts

ndʒ

ŋk

b

t

d

g

gt

gd

gs

s

sp

st

sk

ʒ

x

h

tʃ

dʒ

ʋ

ʋt

ʋd

ʋs

j

jt

jd

jk

jm

jn

jr

js

jx

jts

jdʒ

jl

r

rt

rd

rk

rm

rts

rj

rx

l

lp

lt

ld

lk

lm

ls

lʃ

lʒ

lx

lts

ltʃ

ldʒ

lj

A list of phonemes that can actually appear next to each other in a word, regardless of whether they are in the same syllable or not is here (long consonants are counted here as sequences of two consonants):

1st phoneme	2nd ph.	2nd ph.	2nd ph.	2nd ph.	2nd ph.	2nd ph.	2nd ph.	2nd ph.	2nd ph.	2nd ph.	2nd ph.	2nd ph.	2nd ph.	2nd ph.	2nd ph.	2nd ph.	2nd ph.	2nd ph.	2nd ph.
p	p	t	s	j	l
b	d	n	x	dZ	j
t	t	k	m	r	h	ts	tS	v	j	l
d	b	g	m	n	r	s	S	x	h	v	j	l
k	t	k	s	j	l
g	d	m	s	Z	x	dZ	v	j	l
m	p	b	t	d	m	n	r	s	S	Z	x	h	ts	tS	dZ	j	l
n	t	d	n	s	S	Z	x	h	ts	tS	dZ	v	j
N	k	g	m	N	r	l
r	p	b	t	d	k	g	m	r	s	S	x	h	ts	tS	dZ	v	j
S	p	t	k	m	v	j	l
Z	b	d	g
x	b	d	g	m	x	dZ	v	j	l
h	p	b	t	d	k	g	m	n	r	s	x	h	ts	tS	dZ	v	j	l
tS	p	k	m	S	j
dZ	b	g	n	Z
v	d	g	r	Z	x	dZ	l
j	p	b	t	d	k	g	m	n	r	s	S	Z	x	h	ts	tS	dZ	v	l
l	p	b	t	d	k	g	m	n	s	S	Z	x	h	ts	tS	dZ	v	j	l

Other phonotactic rules are: [*] /p/ can not be the first phoneme of a word. [*] Whenever a word has a voiced stop, no unvoiced stops can follow after it in the whole word. [*] There are no diphtongs.

Writing

The romanized version of Songulda, which will be used from here on, is as follows:

Romanization and pronunciation

A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, Ĭ ĭ, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, Ö ö, P p, R r, S s, T t, U u, Ü ü, V v, Y y

Letter	Pronunciation
A a	ɑ
B b	b
CH ch	tʃ
D d	d
DZ dz	dʒ
E e	e̽
F f	f
G g	g
H h	h
I i	i
Ĭ ĭ	ɨ
J j	ʒ
K k	k
KH kh	x
L l	l
M m	m
N n	n
NG ng	ŋː
O o	o̽
Ö ö	ø̽
P p	p
R r	r
S s	s
SH sh	ʃ
T t	t
TS ts	ts
U u	u
Ü ü	y
V v	ʋ
Y y	j

Grammars

Songulda is an ergative, agglutinative language.

Verbs

Verbs agree with nouns in person/number and case. The order in which affixes are tacked on is: (conditional)+(causative)+stem+(past tense)+(state)+(perfect)+(continuous)+person/number+(passive)+(conditional). Person and number is fusioned in the suffixes, which are as follow:

Person/number	Affix	Examples	1st person singular	-m (if word ends with vowel), -um/-üm (if word ends with consonant)
1st person plural	-o/-ö (if word ends with s), -zo (if word ends with d (making the affricate <dz>), -so/-sö (in other cases)
2nd person singular	-t (if word ends with l, s, d or vowel; long vowels in last syllable are shortened, last d is deleted), -tĭ (if word ends with t)
2nd person plural	-to/-tö (final d is deleted)
3rd person singular	-ta (if word ends with back vowel), -t (if word ends with üü), -üt (if word ends with ü or üs), -üsüt (if word ends with üüs; the üüs is deleted), -ülüt (if word ends with ült; the ült is deleted), -ata (in other cases)
3rd person plural	-to (if word ends with back vowel), -tö (if word has ü in it), -ato (in other cases)

Voice	Affix
Active	No marking
Passive	-nu/-nü (if word ends with consonant), -nnu/-nnü (if word ends with vowel)