Proto-West Altaic'

Proto-Altaic' to Erly Proto-West Altaic'

• /s ʂ/ → [ts tʂ] and /ɽ/ → [ɖ] when initial or prenasal
• Conditional lenition of dorsal stops (before a certain subset of vowels maybe??) to fricativs
• Retroflexes acquire velarization
• /w/ is also possibly alreddy [βˠ] by this stage (areal influence? CF Proto-Betamax)

Erly to late Proto-West Altaic'

Late PWA' = ca. -3ka PWA' had three main dialects: Northern, spoken in the vicinity of the Aral Sea; and Southern, spoken across a wide area south of this, further broken down to West proper just south of the Caspian Sea, and Proto-Sadabax, spoken around where Samarkand exists in realisy.

• /N/ drops before affricates and [ɖ], phonemicizing 'em
• /x xʷ Nx Nxʷ χ χʷ Nχ Nχʷ/ → /h f ŋh ŋʷh ħ fˤ ŋħ ŋʷħ/
• Retroflex stops → velars before front vowels, emphatics elsewhere; [ɽˠ] → /ɡ/ consistently
• POA chain shift. The results differ a bit by the dialect:
  • 1) /kʷ ŋʷ qʷ/ → /p m pˤ/ (North), /pˠ m kʴ/ (South)
  • 2) /p f fˤ/ → /t̻ θ ??/ (North), /pʲ fʲ fˠ/ (South) (/m/ is not pushed due to distributional differences)
  • 3) /t tʂ s n/ → /ṯ ṯ s̱ ṉ/ (North only)
• Associated approximant drift
  • /l/ → /n̻/
  • /j/ → /ɟ/ → /dʲ/ (South), /d̻/ (North)
  • /w/ → /βˠ/ → /bˠ/ (→ /bˤ/ in the North)
• /ts/ → /θ/ (only in the West)
• /q/ → /ʔ/ (North and Sadabax), /kʴ/ (West)
• /θ/ → /s̻/ (→ /sʲ/ in the South)
• Fricativ voicing
• /d̻ ḏ ḏˤ/ → /l̻ ḻ ɫ/ conditionally (pretonic intervocalic maybe?)

	Labial		Lamino- dental	Apico- postalveolar		Velar	Pharyngeal	Glottal
	Plain	Emphatic		Plain	Emphatic
Voiceless stops	p	pˤ	t̻	ṯ	ṯˤ	k		ʔ
Voiced stops	b	bˤ	d̻	ḏ	ḏˤ	ɡ
Voiceless fricativs			s̻	s̱	ʂˣ		ħ	h
Voiced fricativs			z̻	ẕ	ʐˠ		ʕ
Nasals	m	mˤ	n̻	ṉ		ŋ
Laterals			l̻	ḻ	ɫ

Depending on the font, the laminality signs (subsc. square) may look like dentality sings (subsc. bridge), but since they're dental anyway, that's no problem.

/ṯ ḏ s̱ ẕ ṯˤ ḏˤ/ → [ʧ ʤ ʃ ʒ k ɡ] before front vowels