Dal'qörian verb tense

Tense

The present tense

The present tense indicates something which is happening now. It includes habitual actions and statements of fact:

• The building is collapsing.

• She lives in France.

• I visit my brother every Tuesday.

The present progressive

This is the ing form of the verb used with a present tense form of the verb to be. It can have several functions in English:

a to describe an action that is going on at this moment:

• She’s talking too loudly!

• Ask that man what he’s selling.

• He is driving too fast!

• They are expecting him here at any moment.

b to describe an action that is going on during this period of time or a trend:

• Are you still working for the same company?

• More and more people are becoming vegetarian.

c to describe an action in the future that has already been planned or prepared:

• We’re going on holiday next week.

• I’m meeting my boyfriend tonight.

• Are they visiting you next winter?

d to describe a temporary event or situation:

• He usually plays the drums, but he's playing bass guitar tonight.

• The weather forecast was good, but it's raining at the moment.

e with always, forever, constantly, to describe and emphasize a continuing series of repeated action:

• Stacey and Brian are always arguing!

• You're forever complaining about your mother-in-law!

The dal'qörian present progressive tense is used to denote 'only' the action that is happening now, as in example a and most times in examples b and d above:

• Mæ evédria den vös! He is driving too fast!

• Binä quascria diöra ni qualtédrämös! I am asking you a question!

• Jöna grætölária Palö. John is congratulating Paul.

• Yil yil! stæabetár diöra giÞvetária! Oh do stop exaggerating!

• Diö, máriÞ di méÞril sä ädavonas, brát ábæÞria, yil? Are you still working for the same company as before?

• DanöÞ brát mériÞ nörasáb,, taÞ vädenária stæmöjátsiel. There are more and more people becoming vegetarian.

The Dalcurian present progressive is only used to denote the future if the event will happen on the same day:

• IádaninÞi, binä tirigöria di qömerinöj qve binöra. I'm meeting my boyfriend tonight

C see Future tense

E is rendered by the infinitive:

• Stäsé ön Brián sævála vecsár! Stacey and Brian are always arguing! (lit: Stacey and Brian always argue!)

• Diö, rödn di siaparenöj-vála qve diöra, sævála rödnqonvelistr. You're always/forever complaing about your mother-in-law. (lit: You, about your mother-in-law, always complain.)

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The present perfect tense

In English, the present perfect is formed with the auxiliaries have/has and the past participle. Its use in dal'qörian is much the same and is used for:

ː Verbs of state that begin in the past and lead up to and include the present. (usually with for or since)
ː To express habitual or continuous action.
ː Events occurring at an un-defined or unspecified time in the past, with ever, never, already, yet or before:

• Rödn vélas yérasel, mæ gä’ábrahabitr dérÞ. He has lived here for many years.

• Rödn 20 yérasel, ména, andri séÞa nörasabödä, gä’ábra-acäödr. We have taught at this school for 20 years.

• Binä gä’ábraqömárax,, sintra binä gä’descöbr,, taÞ di abödä qve binöra perösendos! I haven’t slept since I found out the house is haunted!

• Dörac di vétä qve mæöra, mæ gä’ábragliár visániöestáj. He has worn glasses all his life. ('glasses' is singular in dal’qörian and can mean 'a pair of glesses')

• Iádas, sia, dörac séÞa qömblas, máriÞ di sabaj, gä’ábramösár, levaltr. She has had to catch the bus every day this week.

• Dörac iáda, binä gä’ábra nis ecörämös di sentániäj. I have had a headache all day.

When used with ever, never, already, yet, before and just, then these must go 'after' the past participle. However, with the form ever + before, then 'before' immediately 'follows' ever: (ever is rendered by the intensifier esti, see Intensifiers)

• Nabödn, te binä, gä’ábraságr esti vonéri taÞ!

• Döqu sä séÞa, te ména, gä’ábradaƒödr esti.

• Éren gä’ábravisör néavára ni plampäj.

• Sia gä’ábrastæabetár aléaræÞ di ábæabödäj qve siöra, yil?

• Binä gä’ábrabesöcérax nø di 'Tate Gallery'.

• Sonar diöra! binä gä’ábralétr aléaræÞ bádimä!

• Binä, te mæ, gä’ábraqonvetár jenö.

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