Dal'qörian personal pronouns

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Personal pronouns refer to people or things.

Nominative (subject) pronouns

The dal’qörian nominative personal pronouns (the subject of the sentence or clause) are:

binä	I/I am
diö	you/you are
mæ	he/he is
sia	she/she is
éren	they/they
tiÞ	it/it is
ména	we/we are

There are also two impersonal pronouns in dal'qörian: minä-you/one and minäla-they, and these are used when referring to people in general, the subjunctive mood, and to equate the use of the passive tense in English (see Verbs):

• am iáda, minä näocr nörasägrax dal'qörian! One cannot learn dal'qörian in a day!

• minäla gä’escanostr di abödä,, qösra tiÞ gé’stæméras. The house was demolished because it was dangerous. (lit: They demolished the house, because it was unsafe).

As you can see, the subject pronouns can also carry the present tense inflections of the verb to be: am, are, is. In dal'qörian, one can assume that am/are/is can always be taken as read when a noun or pronoun is:

ː Followed by a present participle (a verb with the ia inflection)
ːFollowed by an uninflected adjective (including modifying words such as very/extremely)

am/are/is are not to be taken as read when a noun or pronoun is:

ː Followed by a modal verb (see Verbs-Modals)
ːFollowed by the infinitive of a verb (a verb that ends in r)
ːFollowed by the imperfect and perfect past tense of a verb
ːFollowed by an inflected adjective

examples:

• binä göria nöra. I am going now.

• di gadörajel tädø. The dogs are tired.

• dörac iáda, ména gä’vecsár! We argued all day!

• öcra tirimiÞ, sia gé’námaroqu disiri. She was very depressed for a long time.

• iáda, Gáré recévria ni Bemöa. Gary is getting a BMW today.

• stæ’irønet, vonéri sol, eviár binä abödä. I rarely get home before 6.

• éren voltir ni didérämös. They want a drink.

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Accusative (direct object) pronouns

The accusative pronoun is the 'object' of the sentence or the thing that is affected by the action of the verb:

• I asked him.

• She gave her the book.

• They told us to go-away!

The dal'qörian accusative (or objective) pronouns are:

binöra	me/myself
diöra	you/yourself
mæöra	him/himself
siöra	her/herself
érenöra	them/themselves
tiÞöra	it/itself
ménöra	us/ourselves

NOTE 1: Unlike in English, the accusative personal pronouns you (pl & sing) and it are not the same as the nominative.

Dative (indirect object) pronouns