Liwadi: Phonology
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Table of Phonemes
| IPA | /ä/ | /b/ | /g/ | /d/ | /e/ | /ɛ/ | /z/ | /i/ | /ɪ/ | /j/ | /k/ | /l/ | /m/ | /n/ | /ŋ/ | /o/ | /p/ | /ɾ/ | /s/ | /t/ | /u/ | /w/ | /h/ | /ʔ/ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Latin | A a | B b | G g | D d | E e | ė | Z z | I i | ı | Y y | K k | L l | M m | N n | Ń ń | O o | P p | R r | S s | T t | U u | W w | H h | ʻ |
- This is a modified Cyrillic order.
Phonology
Consonant Chart
| Bilabial | Dental | Alveolar | Palatal | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasals | voiceless | |||||
| voiced | m /m/ | n /n/ | ń /ŋ/ | |||
| Stops | voiceless | p /p/ | t /t/ | k /k/ | ʻ /ʔ/ | |
| voiced | b /b/ | d /d/ | g /g/ | |||
| Fricatives | voiceless | s /s/ | h /h/ | |||
| voiced | z /z/ | |||||
| Sonorants | voiceless | |||||
| voiced | w /w/ | l /l/ | r /ɾ/ | y /j/ |
Vowel Chart
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i /i/ | u /u/ | |
| Near-close | ı /ɪ/ | ||
| Close-mid | e /e/ | o /o/ | |
| Open-mid | ė /ɛ/ | ||
| Open | a /ä/ |
Alphabet - Абаг, Abag
- The Liwadi alphabet (abag) has 24 graphemes (oń) which represent 24 sounds (nihoń).
- As the Liwadis had no writing when discovered by the space travelers, a written alphabet was created by the anthropologists who were on the voyage. As they were Russian, they used the Cyrillic alphabet. For this reason alphabetic order is a modified Cyrillic order. I have transliterated them into the Latin alphabet for this study.
- The consonants are b, g, d, z, y, k, l, m, n, ń, p, r, s, t, w, h, and ʻ.
- When the stop consonants (b, g, d, p, k, t) precede a consonant, they are lenited to the corresponding fricative. These are indicated by writing the letter with a dot over or under (ḅ, ġ, ḍ, ṗ, ḳ, ṭ).
- The vowel inventory consists of a, e, ė, i, ı, o, and u.
