Senjecas - with

Pronunciation table

p	b	f	v	m̃	m			t	d	þ	ð	ɫ	l			ṡ	ż	s	z	r	n			k	g	x	ƣ	h	ȝ			š	s̨			i	e	a	ǫ	o	u			ĭ	ĕ	ŭ
/p/	/b/	/ɸ/	/β/	/m̥/	/m/			/t/	/d/	/θ/	/ð/	/l̥/	/l/			/ʦ/	/ʣ/	/s/	/z/	/ɾ̥/	/n/			/k/	/g/	/ç/	/ʝ/	/j̊/	/j/			/sʷ/	/sʲ/			/i/	/e/	/ä/	/ɒ/	/o/	/u/			/ɪ/	/ɛ/	/ʊ/

Glossing abbreviations

1s/p = first person singular/plural	V(.s/p) = vocative (singular/plural)	COL = collective	EQU = equative degree	INS = instrument	PST = past
2s/p = second person singular/plural	ABS = absolutive (an unmarked modifying adjective)	CONV = conversive	F = feminine	INT = intensive prefix	Q = interrogative particle
	ADV = adverb	DES = desiderative	FRQ = frequentative	M = masculine	QUOT = direct quotation
	AG = agent	DIM = diminutive	FUT = future	OCC = occupation suffix	RPRF = recent perfective
A(.s/p) = accusative (singular/plural)	AP = agent (active) participle	ELIS = elision	IMP = imperative	PP = patient (past) participle	SBJ = subjunctive
G(.s/p) = genitive (singular/plural)	AUG = augmentative	EP = epenthesis	INC = inchoative	PRF = perfect	SUP = supine
N(.s/p) = nominative (singular/plural)	CAUS = causative	ELT = elative	IND = indicative	PRV = privative prefix	VBLZ = verbalizer

• 1. þóósa - against
• He was fighting with his brother.
• (éȝu) éȝu-ża̋mum þóósa e-ṡa̋ta:

éȝ-u	éȝu=ża̋m-um	þóósa	e=ṡa̋t-a
he-N.s	his=brother-A.s	against	PST=fight-IND

• 2. súna - in the company of
• He came with his friends.
• (éȝu) éȝu-vı̋lon súna e-ǧe̋ma:

éȝ-u	éȝu=vı̋l-on	súna	e=ǧe̋m-a
he-N.s	his=friend-A.p	with	PST=come-IND

• 3. éta - in addition to; as an accessory to
• The cowboy bought the horse (along) with the saddle.
• ȝunta̋ðlu xirős éta mőrem e-sa̋a:

ȝun-ta̋ð-l-u	xir-ős	éta	mőr-em	e=sa̋-a:
cow-herd-AG-N.s	saddle-G.s	with	horse-A.s	PST=buy-IND

• 4. ríza - in support of
• We are with you in this task.
• m̃us i-daarős éna tús ríza e̋sa:

m̃-us	i=daar-ős	éna	t-ús	ríza	e̋s-a
1p.N	this=task-G.s	in	2s-G	with	be-IND

• 5. xéma - by means or agency of
• Cut that with a knife.
• siimlős xéma nom sı̋ı̋me:

siim-l-ős	xéma	n-om	sı̋ı̋m-e
cut-INS-G.s	with	that-A.s	cut-IMP

• 6. šéða - Having as a possession, attribute or characteristic.
• My uncle is the man with the beard.
• mu-gűsu bisarős šéða m̃ı̋ı̋ru e̋sa:

mu=gűs-u	bisar-ős	šéða	m̃ı̋ı̋r-u	e̋s-a
my=uncle-N.s	beard-G.s	with	man-N.s	be-IND

• 7. éȝa – in the charge or keeping of
• I will leave this letter with the guard.
• mu dislűs éȝa i-mı̋þom u-te̋m̃a:

m-u	dis-l-űs	éȝa	i=mı̋þ-om	u=te̋m̃-a
1s-N	guard-AG-G.s	with	this=letter-A.s	FUT=leave-IND

• 8. n̨áxa – in spite of
• With all its strength the horse could not pull the wagon.
• mőre eȝe-m̃alta̋s n̨áxa m̃e̋ƣom da̋bu e-fe̋e̋a:

mőr-e	eȝe=m̃alt-a̋s	n̨áxa	m̃e̋ƣ-om	da̋b-u	e=fe̋e̋-a
horse-N.s	its=strength-G.s	with	wagon-A.s	pull-SUP	PST=be.unable-IND

• 9. méta – at the same time as
• Let's get up tomorrow morning with the sun.
• m̃ús ṡum̃aaȝa̋' suule̋s méta e̋e̋ge:

m̃-ús	ṡum̃.aaȝ-a̋-'	suul-e̋s	méta	e̋e̋g-e
1p-N	tomorrow.morning-G.s-ELIS	sun-G.s	with	arise-IMP

• 10. ha – as a result or a consequence of
• The women trembled with fear when they saw the bear.
• ǧe̋nus naaa̋s ha e-ðe̋la—méti ve̋rem e-na̋ka:

ǧe̋n-us	naa-a̋s	ha	e=ðe̋l-a	méti	ve̋r-em	e=na̋k-a
woman-N.p	fear-G.s	with	PST=tremble-IND	when	bear-A.s	PST=see-IND

• 11. túȝa – in relation to
• The girl had to be satisfied with the last prize.
• ne̋sku sŭsűpo dinős túȝa sa̋a̋aþu ɪ̋lu e-ke̋la:

ne̋sk-u	sŭ~sűpo-Ø	din-ős	túȝa	sa̋a̋-a-þ-u	ɪ̋l-u	e=ke̋l-a
girl-N.s	ELT~last-ABS	prize-G.s	with	satisfy-IND-PP-N.s	become-SUP	PST=had.to-IND

• 12. móóda – in a manner characterized by
• Serve the Lord with gladness.
• raaðta̋s móóda ȝa̋hm̃um nı̋ı̋xe:

raaðt-a̋s	móóda	ȝa̋hm̃-um	nı̋ı̋x-e
gladness-G.s	with	Lord-A.s	serve-IMP

Senjecas - ahead