Senjecas - Chatting & Basics

Pronunciation table

p	b	f	v	m̃	m			t	d	þ	ð	ɫ	l			ṡ	ż	s	z	r	n			k	g	x	ƣ	h	ȝ			š	s̨			i	e	a	ǫ	o	u			ĭ	ĕ	ŭ
/p/	/b/	/ɸ/	/β/	/m̥/	/m/			/t/	/d/	/θ/	/ð/	/l̥/	/l/			/ʦ/	/ʣ/	/s/	/z/	/ɾ̥/	/n/			/k/	/g/	/ç/	/ʝ/	/j̊/	/j/			/sʷ/	/sʲ/			/i/	/e/	/ä/	/ɒ/	/o/	/u/			/ɪ/	/ɛ/	/ʊ/

1. Essentials - bihőkos

Yes	No	Please	Thank you (very much)	No, thank you	You're (very) welcome	Excuse me	Excuse me
a̋a	ne̋	(mu tum) sőőra:1	(me̋ża) vűűma vűűla:2	ne̋. ébi (tum) soore̋ȝa:	vűűma vűűla ne:	porte̋ȝa me:	e-te̋e̋ua ne:3
yes	no	(I you) beseech	there is a (great) debt	no, if (you) it.pleases	debt there.is not	may.I.pass ?	was.paying.attention not

Notes

• ¹If understood from the context, the subject personal pronoun may be omitted.
• ²A colon is used to mark the end of a sentence.
• ³Said upon not understanding.

2. Language difficulties - ȝekős ke̋ntas

Do(es) ... speak English?	you anyone	I don't speak Senjecas.	I (don't) understand.	Do you understand me?
... ángelȝe̋kam sa̋m̃a me1:	tu k̬énu	mu senȝe̋kam sa̋m̃a ne:	mu þűma (ne):	tu mum þűma me:
... English speak ?	you anyone	I Senjecas speak not	I understand not	you me understand ?

Note

• ¹A question is asked by ending the sentence with me. There is no change in the word order.

I speak some English.	What is it called in Senjecas?	How do you say ... in Senjecas?	What does ... mean?	How do you pronounce this?
mu tı̋ı̋ða ángelȝe̋kam sa̋m̃a:	senȝe̋ko éȝo-fe̋e̋to xo e̋sa1:	tu senȝéxvi xálu ... sa̋m̃a:	... xo fűɫa:	tu xálu som fuɫte̋e̋a:
I some English speak	Senjecan its-name what is	you Senjecasly how ... say	... what means	you how this pronounce

Note

• ¹The interrogative particle is not used if there is a questioning word in the sentence.

How do you write ...?	Please write it down.	Please ... more slowly.	speak repeat	Slowly, please.
tu xálu ... ȝa̋ra:	éȝom ȝare̋ȝa. tum sőőra:	gŭǧǫ́ðvi .... tum sőőra:	sam̃e̋ȝa ṡexe̋ȝa	ǧǫ́ðvi. tum sőőra:
you how ...write	it write, you beseech	more.slowly .... you beseech	speak repeat	slowly you beseech,

3. Greetings - ǧe̋ros

Good ...	... day afternoon evening	Good night	Hello	How are you?	(Very) well, (and you?)	Pleased to meet you.	Good-bye	Good-bye	See you ....	soon tomorrow later.
mı̋ı̋ra ...	... a̋ham sı̋xam ȝı̋tam	de̋e̋ra la̋a̋tam	ala̋a̋	(tu) xálu e̋sa:	(lábu) su (tuk̬e me:)	tum pa̋nu se̋baþu:	suɠa̋a̋le:1	sure̋iðe:2	... tum u-na̋ka:3	t̨áárvi ṡum̃a̋s pósu
peaceful ...	... day afternoon evening	restful night	hello	you how are	(very) well (you.and ?)	you to.meet pleased	well.bide	well.fare	...you will-see	soon tomorrow later

Notes

• ¹Said by the one leaving.
• ²Said by the one staying.
• ³The prefix u- marks the future tense.

4. Titles - fe̋e̋tos

Mr.	Mrs.	Master1	Miss2
sum̃ı̋ı̋ru3	suǧe̋nu	ezpőiku	ez̈ı̋du4
good.man	good.woman	esteemed.son	esteemed.daughter

Notes

• ¹For any young man. Marital status is not implied.
• ²For any young woman. Marital status is not implied.
• ³sum̃ı̋ı̋ru (and the others) is in the form for the subject of a sentence: sum̃ı̋ı̋ru smith íðu vűűa, Mr. Smith is here. In direct address the vocative form is used: ala̋a̋. sum̃iirű smith, Hello, Mr. Smith. The last syllable is accented.
• ⁴A doubled consonant resulting from compounding is indicated by a diaeresis over or under the consonant.

5. Introductions - ṡana̋ðras

This is my ... here's my ...	May I introduce you to my ...	wife husband friend	What's your name?	My name is ....	Pleased to meet you.	It's been great meeting you
su mu-... e̋sa íðu mu-... e̋sa	tum o mu-... ṡánaðe̋ȝa me:	kőzum me̋rtum vı̋lum	tu xálu feetı̋d̨aþu ı̋la:1	... feetı̋d̨aþu ı̋la:	tum pa̋nu ka̋itu:	tum pa̋nu dı̋żu e-e̋sa2:
this my ... is here my ... is	you to my ... may.introduce ?	wife husband friend	you how called become	... called become	you to.meet pleased	you to.meet marvelous was

Notes:

• ¹The passive voice is formed with the passive participle and the verb ı̋la, become.
• ²The prefix e- marks the past tense.

6. Personal details - hőmo tɪ̋fżos

Where are you from?	I'm from ....	Are you married?	I am married.	I am ....	single divorced separated widowed
tu xárþis e̋sa:	mu ... éha e̋sa:	tu m̃e̋da me:	m̃e̋da	mu ... vűűa:	va̋tu m̃im̃e̋daþu ve̋e̋tu mőőaþu
you where.from are	I ... from am	you are.married ?	am.married	I ... am	single divorced separated widowed

7. Ages - rı̋las

How old are you?	I've seen ... winter solstices1.	I was born in ....	I was born on ....	How old is your ...?	son daughter?	He/She's seen ... winter solstices.
xőta dı̋las mús o e̋sa:	... hemsűxran nĭna̋ka2:	... éna e-że̋na:	...a̋s ...3 e-że̋na:	xőta dı̋las tu-... o e̋sa:	poikűs zidűs	(éȝu) ... hemsűxran nĭna̋ka:
how.many years you to are	... winter.solstices have.seen	... in was.born	... on was.born	how.many years your-... to are	son daughter	(he/she) ... winter.solstices has.seen

Notes

• ¹The Sefdaanians tell their age by how many winter solstices they've seen, not by how many anniversaries of their birth.
• ²The perfect tenses are formed by reduplicating the initial vowel.
• ³See dates below.

8. Occupations - da̋a̋ros

What is your occupation?	I am a ....	doctor teacher lawyer farmer fisherman	I work in/at ....	I'm retired.	I'm ...	self-employed unemployed
tu-da̋a̋ro xo vűűa:	mu ... vűűa:	le̋e̋gu dőxlu þorta̋ðlu zǫ̋ðlu mı̋ı̋nlu	mu ... éna da̋a̋ra:	mu ném̃itéru da̋a̋ra:	mu ... vűűa:	mi-þa̋xaþu m̃i-þa̋xaþu1
your-work what is	I ... am	doctor teacher lawyer farmer fisherman	I ... at work	I no.longer work	I ... am	self-employed unemployed

Note

• ¹Be careful to distinguish mi-, self, from m̃i-, un-.

9. Studies - sı̋ƣras

I am a student.	Where do you go to school?	I attend ...	... elementary school high school college university	What grade are you in?	I am in the ...1 grade.	What are you studying?	I am studying ....	medicine law science engineering
mu tűnlu vűűa:	xo tunde̋mom nı̋ka:	... nı̋ka:	þééxtunde̋mom uftunde̋mom żávtunde̋mom żavtúndemı̋ȝom	xa diita̋s éna vűűa:	... diita̋s éna vűűa:	xom tűna:	... tűna:	ȝaxsa̋a̋r̈am þőram sa̋a̋rtam kílvaanlĕsa̋a̋r̈am
I student am	what school attend	... attend	elementary school high school college university	what grade in are	... grade in am	what study	... study	medicine law science engineering

Note

• ¹See the numbers below.

10. Interests - aðne̋e̋mras

What do you do in your spare time?	Do you any hobbies?	Do you like ...?	art sports movies music cooking?	I'm (not) interested in art.	I (don't) like the dance.
alpe̋e̋la tu-keesa̋s xom kía:	tu sébaðne̋e̋mran ƣe̋ða me:	tu ... ka̋a me:	dűvram le̋iðran asgı̋ı̋ron kűmom dűƣu	duvra̋s áðneema̋ntu vűűa (ne):	mu mebűűram ka̋a (ne):
free your-time what do	you hobbies have ?	you ... like ?	art sports movies music cooking	art interested.in am (not)	I dance.art like (not)

11. Feelings - műitos

I'm ....	happy sad tired	I'm in a hurry	Are you ...?	cold hot	I'm (not) ....	hungry thirsty	I feel (very) lucky.	I'm (terribly) sorry.
mu ... vűűa:	ka̋itu se̋ugu le̋e̋du	mu pa̋su ke̋la:	tu ... vűűa me:	sőȝu tı̋ı̋þu	mu ... (ne):	gősa a̋a̋da	mu (lábu) űþu űta:	(me̋e̋o) kı̋ı̋nos da̋a̋a1:
I ... am	happy sad tired	I hurry must	you ... are ?	cold hot	I ... (not)	hunger thirst	I (very) lucky feel	(many) tears flow

Note

• ¹Said upon hearing someone's bad news.

12. Numbers- lűkos

þűn	d̬ő	tı̋r	na̋a̋l	pe̋n	sa̋a̋d	se̋f	ża̋	nűm	főő
1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10

d̬őfoos	tı̋rfoos	na̋a̋lfoos	pe̋nfoos	sa̋a̋dfoos	se̋f̤oos	ża̋foos	nűmfoos	sato
20	30	40	50	60	70	80	90	100

d̬őfoos þűn	tı̋rfoos d̬ő	na̋a̋lfoos tı̋r	pe̋nfoos na̋a̋l	sa̋to da pe̋n	na̋a̋l sa̋tos da sa̋a̋d
21	32	43	54	105	406

13. Time - őrda

What time is it?	It is 2:12 ....	p.m. a.m.	It is ten o'clock.	It is ... past one.	quarter half
xa̋ őrda e̋sa:	d̬őta (őrda) da főőd̬o ... e̋sa:	naaża̋s pósa (n.p.) naaża̋s fésa (n.f.)	főőta (őrda) e̋sa:	þűnta (őrda) da ... e̋sa:	főőpen tı̋rfoos
what hour is	second (hour) twelve ... is	noon after noon before	tenth (hour) is	first (hour) and ... is	fifteen thirty

It is twenty to three.	At what time?	At four o'clock.	in the morning in the evening in the afternoon	at noon at midnight
d̬őta (őrda) da na̋a̋lfoos1 e̋sa:	xa̋ orda̋s:	na̋a̋lta orda̋s:2	aaȝa̋s ȝita̋s sixa̋s3	naaża̋s uȝa̋s
second (hour) and forty is	what time	fourth hour	morning evening afternoon	noon midnight

Notes

• ¹Time is always told by addition, never by subtraction.
• ²The time at which something takes place is in the genitive case.
• ³Morning: dawn to noon; afternoon: noon to dusk; evening: dusk to darkness.

It's ....	early late.	My watch is ....	slow fast.	My watch has stopped.	What time does it ...?	start end
... e̋sa:	ba̋żo xa̋lo	mu-tenme̋lko ... vűűa:	se̋e̋ko őṡo	mu-tenme̋lko kı̋a ne:	xa̋ orda̋s ...:	tőda þűka
... is	early late	my-watch ... is	slow fast	my-watch works not	what hour ...	begins ends

Are you staying long?	I'm staying for three ....	days weeks.	We're leaving on Monday.	We got here on Friday.
tu dómvi ɠa̋a̋la me:	mu tı̋r ... u-ɠa̋a̋la:	a̋han sefa̋han1	m̃us puusánaha̋s u-vı̋da:	m̃us kabéiraha̋s e-tőpa:
you long remain ?	I three ... will-remain	days weeks	we Monday will-leave	we Friday arrived

Note

• ¹The time word is in the accusative case when it expresses duration of time.

14. Days - a̋has

Sunday	Monday	Tuesday	Wednesday	Thursday	Friday	Saturday
ilma̋ha	púúsana̋ha	neera̋ha	tárona̋ha	pérkuna̋ha	kábeira̋ha	ilmĕȝı̋ta

15. Months - f̨a̋gas

January	February	March	April	May	June
sigf̨a̋ga	piiþf̨a̋ga	aivf̨a̋ga	ṡaarf̨a̋ga	nanf̨a̋ga	tiiþf̨a̋ga
snowstorm	sap tapping	grass sprouting	antler growing	flower blooming	heating

July	August	September	October	November	December
gaþf̨a̋ga	b̬aaþf̨a̋ga	aaxf̨a̋ga	ṡaðf̨a̋ga	gűsf̨a̋ga	luuf̨̈a̋ga
berry picking	velvet shedding	colored leaf	rutting	falling leaf	falling snow

16. Dates - ahlűkas

What is today's date?	Today is 18 October.	today yesterday tomorrow	yesterday morning yesterday afternoon yesterday evening	tomorrow morning tomorrow afternoon tomorrow evening	day after tomorrow day before yesterday
sa̋h' ahlűka xa̋ e̋sa:	sa̋ha ṡaðf̨aga̋s főőża1 e̋sa:	sa̋ha he̋sa ṡűm̃a	hesa̋a̋ȝa hes̈ı̋xa hesȝı̋ta	ṡum̃a̋a̋ȝa ṡum̃sı̋xa ṡum̃ȝı̋ta	posṡűm̃a perhe̋sa
today's date what is	today October's 18 is	today yesterday tomorrow	yestermorning yesterafternoon yesterevening	tomorrow.morning tomorrow.afternoon tomorrow.evening	after.tomorrow before.yesterday

Note

• ¹The date is expressed with the month name in the genitive case and the ordinal number.

last week next week	last month next month	last year next year
hes̈efa̋ha da̋ganta sefa̋ha	hesf̨a̋ga da̋ganta f̨a̋ga	hesdɪ̋la da̋ganta dɪ̋la
yesterweek following week	yestermonth following month	yesteryear following year

17. Weather - la̋þo

What's the weather like?	What's the weather forecast?	It's raining. It's snowing.	It's ....	foggy cloudy fair sunny windy	It's ...	cold hot .
la̋þo xálu vűűa:	laþős xa m̃a̋a̋to e̋sa:	sűűm̃a: l̨űűna:	... vűűla:	ka̋ino ga̋no še̋rgo sűűle m̃e̋e̋e	... vűűa:	sőȝo tı̋ı̋þo
weather how is	weather's forecast what is	it rains it snows	... there.is	fog clear.sky cloudy.sky sun wind	... is	cold hot

18. Directions - ṡa̋a̋sos

Where is ...?	What's the address?	Please write it down.	Please show me (on the map)?	How far is it?	Turn ....	left right at the corner at the traffic light ....	behind in front of next to opposite	straight ahead
... xáru vűűa:	m̃eeslűko xo vűűa:	éȝom ȝare̋ȝa. tum sőőra:	(ṡaasgiirős éna) mús o suute̋ȝa. tum sőőra:	xőto þı̋fo vűűa:	... ṡaƣe̋ȝa:	m̃ásþim táɫþim ż̨ookős éna (reið)dááneuős éna	pósa n̨óópa kóma þóósa	sásvi
... where is	address what is	it write please	(map on) me to show please	how.much far is	... turn	left right corner at traffic.light at	behind before next.to opposite	straight.ahead